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Cancer & Aging > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about apoptosis?

A. Caspase dependent

B. Retains cell membrane integrity

C. Membrane rupture

D. Forms apoptotic bodies

A

C. Membrane rupture

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2
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about necrosis?

A. Severe chromatin condensation

B. Release of cytoplasmic contents

C. Membrane rupture

D. A passive process

A

A. Severe chromatin condensation

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3
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
3. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity detection is used to detect ___.

A. Necrosis

B. Apoptosis

C. Senescence

D. None of above

A

A. Necrosis

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4
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
4. TUNEL assay or comet assay are used to detect ___.

A. Apoptosis

B. Necrosis

C. Cell-matrix interaction

D. None of the above

A

A. Apoptosis

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5
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
5. Which of the following statements is NOT correct for describing Anoikis?

A. A particular type of apoptosis

B. Caused by abnormal cell-matrix interactions

C. A particular type of necrosis

A

C. A particular type of necrosis

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6
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
6. Mitotic catastrophe is a type of cell death occurring during ___.

A. Mitosis

B. Meiosis

C. None of the above

A

A. Mitosis

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7
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
7. Necrosis is classified as ___.

A. Type III cell death

B. Type I cell death

C. Type II cell death

D. None of above

A

A. Type III cell death

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8
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true for describing autophagy?

A. Autophagy involves chromatin condensation.

B. Autophagy shows plasma membrane blebbing.

C. Autophagy shows depletion of cytoplasmic organelles.

D. Autophagy is a self-degradative process.

A

A. Autophagy involves chromatin condensation.

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9
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
9. Granzyme B (GrB)/perforin-mediate ___.

A. Apoptosis

B. Necrosis

C. Autophagy

D. None of the above

A

A. Apoptosis

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10
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
10. Apoptosome-wheel of death is formed by ___.

A. APAF-1 and cytochrome C

B. APAF-1 and tbid

C. APAF-1 and max

D. APAF-1 and Bcl2

A

A. APAF-1 and cytochrome C

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11
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
11. Caspase-8 is a type of ___.

A. Initiator caspase

B. Executioner caspase

C. None of the above

A

A. Initiator caspase

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12
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
12. Caspase-3 is a type of ___.

A. Initiator caspase

B. Executioner caspase

C. None of the above

A

B. Executioner caspase

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13
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
13. The pro-apoptotic protein Bim is sequestered to ___.

A. Microtubules

B. Cytoskeleton

C. 14-3-3 scaffold proteins

D. None of the above

A

A. Microtubules

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14
Q

7) Apoptosis and Cancer
14. PUMA and NOXA are primarily regulated at ___.

A. Transcriptional level

B. Translational level

C. Post translational modification

D. Protein phosphorylation

A

A. Transcriptional level

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15
Q

8) Tumor Angiogenesis
1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Angiopoietin1 bound to trans-associated Tie2 receptor activates the PI3K/Akt signal pathway

B. Angiopoietin1 bound to trans-associated Tie2 receptor downregulates FOXO1 target genes

C. Angiopoietin1 bound to trans-associated Tie2 receptor is involved in maintenance of vascular quiescence

D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

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16
Q

8) Tumor Angiogenesis
2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Angiopoietin 1 bound to ECM anchored Tie 2 activates the ERK1/2 pathway

B. Angiopoietin 1 bound to ECM anchored Tie 2 induces the formation of integrin-dependent focal complex

C. Angiopoietin 1 bound to ECM anchored Tie 2 promotes angiogenesis.

D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

17
Q

8) Tumor Angiogenesis
3. When a small fragment of tumor tissue is transplanted under the cornea, which transplantation site gives faster tumor growth?

A. Near the iris tissue

B. Within the anterior chamber

A

A. Near the iris tissue

18
Q

8) Tumor Angiogenesis
4. Which of the following processes involves tumor cells to form vessel-like structures?

A. Sprouting angiogenesis

B. Intussusceptive angiogenesis

C. Vasculogenic mimicry

D. None of the above

A

C. Vasculogenic mimicry

19
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
1. Which of the following statements are NOT correct?

A. Complexity is not due to the numbers of protein coding genes, rather, how these genes are regulated are more important

B. Individuals have multiple epigenomes

C. Histone H1 clips the linker DNA together

D. The term ‘epigenetic’ refers to all heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin organization that are caused by DNA sequence changes.

A

D. The term ‘epigenetic’ refers to all heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin organization that are caused by DNA sequence changes.

20
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
2. Which of the following is NOT an epigenetic mechanism?

A. Histone modification

B. DNA methylation

C. Non-coing RNAs

D. DNA mutations

A

D. DNA mutations

21
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
3. Which of the following is NOT correct?

A. Chromatin is not just an efficient genome organizing platform, also functions as an indexing system for the read-out of genetic information

B. Inactive genes are usually located in heterochromatin

C. Active genes are usually located in euchromatin

D. Histone H2A is not part of the nucleosome histone core structure.

A

D. Histone H2A is not part of the nucleosome histone core structure.

22
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
4. Which of the following statements ARE correct?

A. Histone Acetyl transferase (HAT) is a Histone Acetyl mark writer

B. Histone Deacetylase is not a histone acetyl mark eraser

C. BIR domain is a histone acetyl mark reader

D. None of the above

A

A. Histone Acetyl transferase (HAT) is a Histone Acetyl mark writer

23
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
5. Which of the following statements about histone ubiquitylation is NOT correct?

A. Histone ubiquitylation is important for DNA repair and is generally repressive for transcription

B. Ubiquitin is transferred to the ε-amino NH2 side chain of an internal lysine in the target protein

C. RNF8 is a histone ubiquitylation mark writer for histone H1.

D. E1 enzyme is not involved with histone ubiquitylation

A

D. E1 enzyme is not involved with histone ubiquitylation

24
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
6. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. DNA methylation occurs at CpG sites

B. When DNA methylation located in a gene promoter, it typically acts to repress gene transcription

C. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyl transferase

D. DNA methylation is not involved in genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation

A

D. DNA methylation is not involved in genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation

25
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
7. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. MBD3 binds to methylated DNA

B. Methyl CpG (mCpG)-binding domain (MBD) proteins bind to methylated DNA in a non- sequence-specific manner

C. Certain mammalian Transcription factors possess sequence-dependent mCpG-binding activity.

D. Vertebrate genes are less leaky compared to bacterial genes

A

A. MBD3 binds to methylated DNA

26
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
8. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. The majority of human transcripts are translated into proteins

B. There is a strong correlation between organismal complexity and size of the noncoding, rather than protein-coding genome.

C. The Agouti Mice are caused by continuing expression of the Agouti gene.

D. Supplementation of methyl donor for the pregnant Agouti mice will reverse the phenotypes of most of the littermates.

A

A. The majority of human transcripts are translated into proteins

27
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
9. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Imprinted genes can not evade the genome-wide reprogramming that occurs after fertilization

B. Gynogenote refers to all genetic materials from female germline

C. Androgenote refers to all genetic material from male germline

D. Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins are chromatin-modifying factors

A

A. Imprinted genes can not evade the genome-wide reprogramming that occurs after fertilization

28
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
10. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. The inactive X-chromosome condenses and forms a dense region in the nuclear called Barr body

B. XIC controls the expression of XIST

C. XIST is a long non-coding RNA

D. X-inactivation is not a random epigenetic process

A

D. X-inactivation is not a random epigenetic process

29
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
11. Which of the following is NOT a Regulatory non-coding RNA?

A. MiRNA

B. SiRNA

C. LncRNA

D. tRNA

A

D. tRNA

30
Q

9) Epigenetics & Cancer
12. Which of the following genotypes COULD give the cat a Calico cat color?

A. Xy

B. Xx

C. Xx (second x is red)

D. None of the above

A

C. Xx (second x is red)

Cancer & Aging (3 decks)

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