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NRSG 211 > Exam I - Oxygenation > Flashcards

Exam I - Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

diffusion

A

movement of gases between alveoli and bloodstream

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3
Q

Perfusion

A

transport of oxygenated blood to the cells and tissues

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4
Q

surfactant

A

phospholipid decreasing the pressure needed to open the alveoli and prevent them from collapsing

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5
Q

compliance

A

ability of the lungs to distend/expand in response to increased intraalveolar pressure

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6
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration

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7
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air left in alveoli after a full expiration

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8
Q

forced vital capacity

A

max amount of air that can be removed from lungs during forced expiration

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9
Q

hypoxemia

A

abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood

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10
Q

hypoxia

A

state of inadequate tissue oxygenation

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11
Q

hypoventilation

A

decrease in respiratory rate; occurs when ventilation is inadequate to meet o2 demands of body or have it eliminate co2

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12
Q

hypercapnia

A

arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level greater than 45 mmHg

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13
Q

hyperventilation

A

increase in respiratory rate resulting in excess amounts of CO2 elimination

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14
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute (4-8 L/min in healthy adult)

Calculation: CO = SV x HR

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15
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction; determined by preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility

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16
Q

cardiac index

A

measure of adequacy of the cardiac output

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17
Q

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

A

normal ECG wave w P wave (atrial depolarization), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and T wave (ventricular repolarization).

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18
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

occur when coronary artery does not supply sufficient blood to the myocardium

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19
Q

myocardial infarction

A

when myocardial ischemia leads to tissue becoming necrotic

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20
Q

left sided heart failure

A

char. by impaired fn of left ventricle

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21
Q

systolic heart failure

A

inability of the ventricle to adequately eject blood

22
Q

diastolic heart falure

A

inability of ventricle to relax and fill w blood during diastole

23
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while lying down

24
Q

dysrhythmia

A

disturbance in the formation or conduction of the heart’s electrical impulse

25
Q

hypovolemia

A

reduced circulating blood volume resulting from extracellular fluid losses

26
Q

right-sided heart failure

A

results from impaired fn of right ventricle, which is typically caused by pulmonary disease or pulmonary hypertension

27
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli

28
Q

dyspnea

A

subjective feeling of breathlessness or observable laboured breathing w shortness of breath; clinical sign of hypoxia/hypoxemia

29
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

occurs when pt is sleeping

30
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched musical sound caused by high-velocity movement of air through a narrowed airway

31
Q

productive cough

A

produces sputum that is swallowed or expectorated

32
Q

hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

33
Q

humidification

A

adding moisture to inspired air

34
Q

nebulization

A

suspends a maximum number of water drops/particles of desired size in inspired air using aerosol principle

35
Q

chest physiotherapy (CPT)

A

external chest wall manipulation got helping pts mobilize pulmonary secretions

36
Q

postural drainage

A

use of positioning techniques to drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs and bronchi into the trachea for expectoration

37
Q

chest percussion

A

manual external clapping of pt’s chest w cupped hands over lung segments being drained

38
Q

vibration

A

gentle shaking psi applied to chest wall only during exhalation to shake secretions into larger airways.

39
Q

high-frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC)

A

inflatable vest that loosens and removes secretions from airway by delivering high-frequency, small-volume expiratory pulses to a pt’s external chest wall

40
Q

chest tube

A

catheter inserted through ribcage into pleural space to remove air, fluids, or blood; to prevent air/fluid from reentering pleural space; or to reestablish normal intrapleural and intraplumonic pressures.

41
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapse of the lung caused by collection of air or other gas in the pleural space

42
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

occurs from rupture in pleura when air accumulates in pleural space more rapidly than it is removed; life-threatening

43
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in pleural space, usually as result of trauma

44
Q

pleural effusions

A

occur when fluid enters pleural space in response to infection, inflammation, or cancer.

45
Q

eupnea

A

12-20 breaths/ min

46
Q

tachypnea

A

> 20 breaths/min

47
Q

bradypnea

A

<10 breaths/min

48
Q

apnea

A

periods of no respiration >20s

49
Q

kussmaul

A

> 35 breaths/min

50
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

periods of increasing depths of breathing followed by period of apnea

51
Q

ataxic or biot

A

irregular respirations of varying depths w irregular periods of apnea

NRSG 211 (9 decks)

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