Exam I Flashcards
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between 2 variables?
.00
+.30
-.75
+.60
-.75
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study?
- Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample
- It fails to provide a thorough, in-depth understanding of participants
- It is dependent on the availability of existing data
- The “typically occurring habitat” being observed cannot be controlled
- Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample
Which of the following parts of the brain controls bodily balance?
- cerebellum
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- pons
- cerebellum
Psychology is defined as the…
- study of mental disorders and their treatment.
- intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
- speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
- scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Sensory is to motor what________ is to________.
- autonomic; somatic
- efferent; afferent
- afferent; efferent
- somatic; autonomic
- afferent; efferent
This is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.
Sleep Stage 1
Sleep Stage 2
Sleep Stage 3
Sleep Stage 4
Sleep Stage 1
Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. Similarly, most axons are insulated by a
- synapse
- glial cell
- myelin sheath
- dendrite
- myelin sheath
These are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.
- Operational definitions
- Hypotheses
- Suppositions
- Theories
- Theories
Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic?
- cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people’s thinking
- developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
- behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health
- health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression
- cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people’s thinking
A placebo minimizes________; a double-blind procedure minimizes________.
- experimenter bias; experimenter expectations
- participant bias; participant expectations
- experimenter expectations; participant expectations
- participant expectations; experimenter expectations
- participant expectations; experimenter expectations
These are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.
- Mirror neurons
- Amphid neurons
- Ventral cord motor neuron
- Pharyngeal motor neurons
- Mirror neurons
The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces, unconscious processes, or the environment. In other words, it rejects the________,________, and________ perspectives, respectively.
- neuroscience; cognitive; behavioral
- cognitive; psychodynamic; behavioral
- cognitive; psychodynamic; neuroscience
- neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral
- neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral
In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists
- rely on the scientific method
- rely on the study of internal medicine
- use speculation
- use their intuition
- rely on the scientific method
An axon is a
- long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.
- cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron.
- support cell in the nervous system.
- neuron’s cell body.
- long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells?
- They provide nourishment to neurons.
- They nourish nerve cells.
- They communicate messages within the nervous system.
- They help repair damage that might occur to neurons.
- They communicate messages within the nervous system.
This is the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we experience at a given moment.
- intelligence
- consciousness
- perception
- speculation
- consciousness
Pizza! Beer! Sex! Our motivation or drive for such things is based on the activity of the brain region known as the
- hypothalamus.
- thalamus.
- hippocampus.
- amygdala.
- hypothalamus.
The correlation coefficient ranges from________ to________.
+1.0; −1.0
−10; +10
0; 1
1; 10
+1.0; −1.0
Little or no relationship between two variables is represented by
- a positive sign.
- a negative sign.
- sigma.
- zero or a number close to zero.
- zero or a number close to zero.
Somatic is to autonomic what________ is to________.
- involuntary; voluntary
- sensory; motor
- voluntary; involuntary
- motor; sensory
- voluntary; involuntary
The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the________ law.
- all-or-none
- intensity of stimulus
- graded action
- incremental transformational
all-or-none
Marisol is trying a new treatment for severe depression. Brief magnetic pulses are sent through her brain. Marisol is undergoing
- positron emission tomography.
- transcranial magnetic stimulation.
- functional magnetic resonance imaging.
- optogenetic therapy.
- transcranial magnetic stimulation
Which of the following descriptive research methods is correctly matched with a description?
- case study—a sample is asked a series of questions about their thoughts, attitudes, or behaviors
- survey research—existing data is examined to test a hypothesis
- naturalistic observation—behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher
- archival research—in-depth investigation of an individual
naturalistic observation—behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher
Identify an operational definition of happiness.
- an individual’s self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale
- an individual’s feeling of joy
- an individual’s sense of achievement and contentment
- an individual’s feeling of acceptance in a society
an individual’s self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale
Identify the lobe of the brain in which the motor area is located.
- frontal lobe
- limbic lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
frontal lobe
Experimental group is to control group what________ is to________.
- treatment; no treatment
- independent variable; dependent variable
- dependent variable; independent variable
- no treatment; treatment
treatment; no treatment
The nervous system is divided into the________ and the________ nervous systems.
- central; peripheral
- somatic; autonomic
- primary; secondary
- sympathetic; parasympathetic
central; peripheral
Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet…cold, wet, tingly…slightly bitter,” she reports. Lassandra is
- defining umami.
- taking an intelligence test.
- introspecting.
- demonstrating functionalism.
- introspecting.
Terminal buttons are found at the end of
- synapses.
- myelin cells.
- axons.
- dendrites.
- axons.
Warren suffers from Wernicke’s aphasia. Which of the following difficulties will he experience?
- Warren will experience difficulty understanding language.
- Warren will experience an inability to recognize faces.
- Warren will have trouble producing fluent speech.
- Warren will have difficulty recognizing objects visually.
- Warren will experience difficulty understanding language.
A positive correlation indicates that
- little or no relationship exists between two variables.
- as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other decreases.
- as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other increases.
- one variable causes the other.
- as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other increases.
Which brain-scanning technique below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
- fMRI—traces biochemical activity in the brain
- EEG—records the brain’s electrical activity with electrodes
- TMS—produces a graph of electrical wave patterns
- PET—causes a momentary interruption of the brain’s electrical activity
- EEG—records the brain’s electrical activity with electrodes
The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of
- memory.
- perception.
- emotion.
- motivation.
- perception.
Narcotics, such as heroin, are drugs that
- slow down the nervous system.
- are capable of producing hallucinations, or changes in the perceptual process.
- have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
- increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
- increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
The part of the brain closest to the spinal cord is the________; it is important for functions such as________.
-hypothalamus; handling incoming and outgoing signals
- thalamus; regulating basic biological needs
- cerebellum; heart rate and respiration
- medulla; heartbeat and breathing
- medulla; heartbeat and breathing
The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by conducting
- a case study.
- correlational research.
- experimental research.
- a survey.
- experimental research.
The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in
- movement, attention, and learning
- the regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain.
- the brain’s effort to deal with a change in temperature.
- the digestion of food.
- movement, attention, and learning
How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?
- 120 minutes
- 5 hours
- 90 minutes
- 1 hour
- 90 minutes
Neurons are physically held in place by
- terminal buttons.
- axons.
- synapses.
- glial cells
-glial cells
Naturalistic observation entails
- the introduction of small changes to a habitat.
- questioning individuals directly to find out what they think, feel, and do.
- the examination of existing records, such as official documents.
- the researcher simply documenting what occurs.
- the researcher simply documenting what occurs.
Which of the following is TRUE of the spinal cord’s control of behavior?
- The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes.
- The spinal cord can control relatively complex behavior without the brain’s help.
- The spinal cord cannot control any behaviors without the help of the brain.
- The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain’s help.
- The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain’s help.
Dendrite is to axon what________ is to________.
- sending; receiving
- reuptake; action potential
- receiving; sending
- action potential; reuptake
- receiving; sending
Which of the following subfields of psychology matches with its description?
- Cognitive psychology examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior.
- Developmental psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death.
- Clinical psychology focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
- Experimental psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.
- Developmental psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death.
