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Psychology 101 > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between 2 variables?

.00
+.30
-.75
+.60

A

-.75

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2
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study?

  • Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample
  • It fails to provide a thorough, in-depth understanding of participants
  • It is dependent on the availability of existing data
  • The “typically occurring habitat” being observed cannot be controlled
A
  • Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample
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3
Q

Which of the following parts of the brain controls bodily balance?

  • cerebellum
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • pons
A
  • cerebellum
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4
Q

Psychology is defined as the…

  • study of mental disorders and their treatment.
  • intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
  • speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
  • scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
A

scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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5
Q

Sensory is to motor what________ is to________.

  • autonomic; somatic
  • efferent; afferent
  • afferent; efferent
  • somatic; autonomic
A
  • afferent; efferent
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6
Q

This is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.

Sleep Stage 1
Sleep Stage 2
Sleep Stage 3
Sleep Stage 4

A

Sleep Stage 1

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7
Q

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. Similarly, most axons are insulated by a

  • synapse
  • glial cell
  • myelin sheath
  • dendrite
A
  • myelin sheath
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8
Q

These are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

  • Operational definitions
  • Hypotheses
  • Suppositions
  • Theories
A
  • Theories
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9
Q

Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic?

  • cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people’s thinking
  • developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health
  • health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression
A
  • cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people’s thinking
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10
Q

A placebo minimizes________; a double-blind procedure minimizes________.

  • experimenter bias; experimenter expectations
  • participant bias; participant expectations
  • experimenter expectations; participant expectations
  • participant expectations; experimenter expectations
A
  • participant expectations; experimenter expectations
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11
Q

These are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.

  • Mirror neurons
  • Amphid neurons
  • Ventral cord motor neuron
  • Pharyngeal motor neurons
A
  • Mirror neurons
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12
Q

The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces, unconscious processes, or the environment. In other words, it rejects the________,________, and________ perspectives, respectively.

  • neuroscience; cognitive; behavioral
  • cognitive; psychodynamic; behavioral
  • cognitive; psychodynamic; neuroscience
  • neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral
A
  • neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral
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13
Q

In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists

  • rely on the scientific method
  • rely on the study of internal medicine
  • use speculation
  • use their intuition
A
  • rely on the scientific method
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14
Q

An axon is a

  • long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.
  • cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron.
  • support cell in the nervous system.
  • neuron’s cell body.
A
  • long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.
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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells?

  • They provide nourishment to neurons.
  • They nourish nerve cells.
  • They communicate messages within the nervous system.
  • They help repair damage that might occur to neurons.
A
  • They communicate messages within the nervous system.
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16
Q

This is the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we experience at a given moment.

  • intelligence
  • consciousness
  • perception
  • speculation
A
  • consciousness
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17
Q

Pizza! Beer! Sex! Our motivation or drive for such things is based on the activity of the brain region known as the

  • hypothalamus.
  • thalamus.
  • hippocampus.
  • amygdala.
A
  • hypothalamus.
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18
Q

The correlation coefficient ranges from________ to________.

+1.0; −1.0

−10; +10

0; 1

1; 10

A

+1.0; −1.0

19
Q

Little or no relationship between two variables is represented by

  • a positive sign.
  • a negative sign.
  • sigma.
  • zero or a number close to zero.
A
  • zero or a number close to zero.
20
Q

Somatic is to autonomic what________ is to________.

  • involuntary; voluntary
  • sensory; motor
  • voluntary; involuntary
  • motor; sensory
A
  • voluntary; involuntary
21
Q

The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the________ law.

  • all-or-none
  • intensity of stimulus
  • graded action
  • incremental transformational
A

all-or-none

22
Q

Marisol is trying a new treatment for severe depression. Brief magnetic pulses are sent through her brain. Marisol is undergoing

  • positron emission tomography.
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation.
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging.
  • optogenetic therapy.
A
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation
23
Q

Which of the following descriptive research methods is correctly matched with a description?

  • case study—a sample is asked a series of questions about their thoughts, attitudes, or behaviors
  • survey research—existing data is examined to test a hypothesis
  • naturalistic observation—behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher
  • archival research—in-depth investigation of an individual
A

naturalistic observation—behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher

24
Q

Identify an operational definition of happiness.

  • an individual’s self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale
  • an individual’s feeling of joy
  • an individual’s sense of achievement and contentment
  • an individual’s feeling of acceptance in a society
A

an individual’s self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale

25
Q

Identify the lobe of the brain in which the motor area is located.

  • frontal lobe
  • limbic lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
A

frontal lobe

26
Q

Experimental group is to control group what________ is to________.

  • treatment; no treatment
  • independent variable; dependent variable
  • dependent variable; independent variable
  • no treatment; treatment
A

treatment; no treatment

27
Q

The nervous system is divided into the________ and the________ nervous systems.

  • central; peripheral
  • somatic; autonomic
  • primary; secondary
  • sympathetic; parasympathetic
A

central; peripheral

28
Q

Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet…cold, wet, tingly…slightly bitter,” she reports. Lassandra is

  • defining umami.
  • taking an intelligence test.
  • introspecting.
  • demonstrating functionalism.
A
  • introspecting.
29
Q

Terminal buttons are found at the end of

  • synapses.
  • myelin cells.
  • axons.
  • dendrites.
A
  • axons.
30
Q

Warren suffers from Wernicke’s aphasia. Which of the following difficulties will he experience?

  • Warren will experience difficulty understanding language.
  • Warren will experience an inability to recognize faces.
  • Warren will have trouble producing fluent speech.
  • Warren will have difficulty recognizing objects visually.
A
  • Warren will experience difficulty understanding language.
31
Q

A positive correlation indicates that

  • little or no relationship exists between two variables.
  • as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other decreases.
  • as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other increases.
  • one variable causes the other.
A
  • as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other increases.
32
Q

Which brain-scanning technique below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

  • fMRI—traces biochemical activity in the brain
  • EEG—records the brain’s electrical activity with electrodes
  • TMS—produces a graph of electrical wave patterns
  • PET—causes a momentary interruption of the brain’s electrical activity
A
  • EEG—records the brain’s electrical activity with electrodes
33
Q

The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of

  • memory.
  • perception.
  • emotion.
  • motivation.
A
  • perception.
34
Q

Narcotics, such as heroin, are drugs that

  • slow down the nervous system.
  • are capable of producing hallucinations, or changes in the perceptual process.
  • have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.
  • increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
A
  • increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
35
Q

The part of the brain closest to the spinal cord is the________; it is important for functions such as________.

-hypothalamus; handling incoming and outgoing signals
- thalamus; regulating basic biological needs
- cerebellum; heart rate and respiration
- medulla; heartbeat and breathing

A
  • medulla; heartbeat and breathing
36
Q

The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by conducting

  • a case study.
  • correlational research.
  • experimental research.
  • a survey.
A
  • experimental research.
37
Q

The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in

  • movement, attention, and learning
  • the regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain.
  • the brain’s effort to deal with a change in temperature.
  • the digestion of food.
A
  • movement, attention, and learning
38
Q

How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?

  • 120 minutes
  • 5 hours
  • 90 minutes
  • 1 hour
A
  • 90 minutes
39
Q

Neurons are physically held in place by

  • terminal buttons.
  • axons.
  • synapses.
  • glial cells
A

-glial cells

40
Q

Naturalistic observation entails

  • the introduction of small changes to a habitat.
  • questioning individuals directly to find out what they think, feel, and do.
  • the examination of existing records, such as official documents.
  • the researcher simply documenting what occurs.
A
  • the researcher simply documenting what occurs.
41
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of the spinal cord’s control of behavior?

  • The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes.
  • The spinal cord can control relatively complex behavior without the brain’s help.
  • The spinal cord cannot control any behaviors without the help of the brain.
  • The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain’s help.
A
  • The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain’s help.
42
Q

Dendrite is to axon what________ is to________.

  • sending; receiving
  • reuptake; action potential
  • receiving; sending
  • action potential; reuptake
A
  • receiving; sending
43
Q

Which of the following subfields of psychology matches with its description?

  • Cognitive psychology examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior.
  • Developmental psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death.
  • Clinical psychology focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one per­son from another.
  • Experimental psychology explores the relationship between psycho­logical factors and physical ailments or disease.
A
  • Developmental psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death.

Psychology 101 (2 decks)

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