Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHIL 1301 > Exam Final Collective Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam Final Collective Flashcards

This deck will not be accurate for further philosophy classes due to the switches HE makes.

1
Q

a posteriori knowledge

A

Something known as a result of an experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a priori knowledge

A

A something that is known prior to, or without, necessary experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

abduction

A

making a probable conclusion from what you know.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three tests for truth?

A

Correspondence, coherence, pragmatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fallacy

A

An error in reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Philosophy

A

Is nothing less than taking a carefully critical and questioning view of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the truths?

A

Synthetic, Analytical, Necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Induction

A

reasoning that involves getting a gerneral conclusion from specific observations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sound argument

A

A deductive argument that is valid and has only true premises.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Valid argument

A

(Deductively valid) an argument that follows established truth preserving rules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Class Definition for Philosophy

A

Love for wisdom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Class Definition for Wisdom.

A

Knowledge rightly applied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List and define four (4) topical divisions of philosophy.

A

Metaphysics - What is Real?
Epistemology - What is Reasonable?
Ethics - What is Good?
Aesthetics - What is Beauty?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the four (chronological) periods of philosophy in order & their area of interest.

A

Ancients - Ontology
Medievals - Theology
Moderns - Epistemology
Post-Moderns - Language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are three (3) skills needed for Philosophy?

A
  1. Analysis
  2. Assessment
  3. Argument
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Components of an Argument

A

Form and Content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three major types of logic discussed in class?

A

Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 Major Divisions of Metaphysics?

A
  1. What is the nature of reality?
  2. What are the basic ways of being?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Materialists

A

The world, at its base, is only made of physical stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Immaterailists

A

The world is ultimately organized, so the world is ultimately laws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Monist

A

That which makes up the universe is reducible to a single item

22
Q

Pluralist (Dualist)

A

That which makes up the universe is reducible to many (two) items

23
Q

Cosmology

A

The study of the universe

24
Q

Cosmogony

A

The study of the origins of the universe

25
Q

Virtue

A

The means by which the good is reached.

26
Q

What are the 4 Socratic Virtues?

A

Wisdom, Courage, Temperance, and Justice.

27
Q

Artistotle divided the virtues into what two categories?

A

Moral Virtues and Intellectual Virtues

28
Q

Plato’s Major Contribution

A

Was foundational in establishing the integrated philosophical enterprise.

29
Q

What, according to Plato, are the two metaphysical components?

A

Form & Matter

30
Q

Aristotle was the first to ______________________ in philosophy.

A

Distinguish branches of inquiry

31
Q

What are the four Aristotelian Causes?

A

MATERIAL CAUSE, EFFICIENT CAUSE, FINAL CAUSE, and FORMAL CAUSE

32
Q

What are the five Aristotelian Powers of the Soul?

A

NUTRITIVE, APPETITIVE, SENSITIVE, LOCOMOTIVE, and RATIONAL

33
Q

What are the seven functions of the mind?

A
  1. Memory
  2. Language
  3. Imagination
  4. Will
  5. Reason
  6. Percieves
  7. Emotions
34
Q

________ and ________ had a famous disagreement concerning the nature of space and time.

A

Newton and Leibniz

35
Q

Leibniz’s _______ can be created or destroyed but not by any “natural” means.

A

monads

36
Q

Animism

A

Everything is alive

37
Q

Teleology

A

We all have a purpose and goal.

38
Q

Ontology

A

The study of being.

39
Q

Pantheism

A

Everything is God

40
Q

Empiricism

A

the philosophy that demands that all knowledge, comes from experience.

41
Q

Rationalism

A

the philosophy that is characterized by its confidence in reason,

42
Q

Locke says our minds begin as a…

A

blank slate

43
Q

List Locke’s three (3) categories of mental content

A

Sensation, ideas, and quality

44
Q

____________ and ____________ believed that there are no substances.

A

Berkeley and Hume

45
Q

Effect

A

A result or outcome caused by a particular action or event.

46
Q

Cause

A

The view that our experiences (our sensations and ideas) are the effects of physical objects acting upon our sense organs.

47
Q

Perception

A

A kind of knowledge, sense experience.

48
Q

List the order of the philosophers left to right. (PDLBHKN)

A

Plato –> Descartes –> Locke –> Berkeley (Top), Hume (Bottom) –> Kant –> Nietzsche

49
Q

What are the four justifications for forming a true belief?

A

Normative answers
Naturalistic answers
Skepticism
Virtue epistemology

50
Q

Hume takes _________________ to be the central idea of all reasoning

A

causation

51
Q

Descartes contribution

A

Descartes contribution to philosophy was establishing rationalism and the foundational principle of modern philosophy. He coined the statement “Cogito, ergo sum,” which means “I think, therefore I am.”

PHIL 1301 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions