Exam Definitions

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

Contact, exposure, and exchange of ideas between different cultures that results in changes to both groups.

Question 2

Cognitive Consistency

Answer 2

The tendency of individuals to seek out stimuli that are consistent with their beliefs and attitudes and to limit exposure to those that are inconsistent (close minded).

Question 3

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 3

The state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs and attitudes.

Question 4

Collectivist Society

Answer 4

A society of dependent individuals and personal needs are secondary to group needs.

Question 5

Ethnocentrism

Answer 5

The belief that ones own culture, nation or ethnic group is superior to all others.

Question 6

Individualist Society

Answer 6

A society that values autonomy (self-governed), freedom, and competition, as well as personal rights and freedoms.

Question 7

Macrosociology

Answer 7

A analyzes social systems on a large scale.

Question 8

Microsociology

Answer 8

The study of small groups and individuals with in a society.

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

Expectations of appropriate conduct that serve as the basis of all social interactions.

Question 10

Social Dynamics

Answer 10

The factors that determine social change.

Question 11

Status Quo

Answer 11

The general state of affairs, or condition of a group, culture, or society.

Question 12

Archetype

Answer 12

A universal symbol or pattern.

Question 13

Cohort

Answer 13

A group that shares certain statistical characteristics, such as an age group.

Question 14

Egocentrism

Answer 14

Heightened self-awareness and self-consciousness.

Question 15

Millennial Generation

Answer 15

People born between the early 1980s and 2000 who grew up in the era of globalization, cultural diversity, and technological advances.

Question 16

Prosocial Behaviour

Answer 16

Positive, constructive, and helpful behaviour.

Question 17

Roles

Answer 17

The expected behaviour of an individual in a social position.

Question 18

Socialization

Answer 18

The process by which an individual learns to function successfully in society, by internalizing the values, norms, and roles of that society.

Question 19

Alienation

Answer 19

Estrangement or distance of people from each other, from what they find meaningful, or from their sense of self.

Question 20

Census

Answer 20

An official count of a population and an important tool for examining demographic info.

Question 21

Conformity

Answer 21

Act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours to what individuals perceive as normal to their society or social group.

Question 22

Demography

Answer 22

The statistical study of a population.

Question 23

Deviance

Answer 23

Behaviour that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.

Question 24

Helicopter Parents

Answer 24

Overly involved and concerned parents .

Question 25

Subculture

Answer 25

An alternative system of values and beliefs that does not conform to the mainstream cultural and social beliefs of a society.

Question 26

Typology

Answer 26

A system of classification designed for understanding of types.

Question 27

Bourgeoisie

Answer 27

Members of the property-owning class; people who own the means of production (upper class).

Question 28

Capitalism

Answer 28

An economic system where the means of production is privately owned and profit is earned in competitive conditions.

Question 29

Cultural Hegemony

Answer 29

Antonio Gramsci’s theory that society is dominated by one ruling class and the ruling class and the ruling class’s ideas and beliefs are considered the cultural norms.

Question 30

Ego

Answer 30

The conscious part of the human psyche that controls a person’s most immediate behaviours and thoughts; it is the most in touch with reality and acts as the mediator between the id and superego.

Question 31

Hedonistic

Answer 31

Behaviour that focuses on meeting a persons immediate need for happiness without focusing on future consequences.

Question 32

Id

Answer 32

The unconcious part of the human psyche that meets the instructional, impulsive, and primitive needs of the mind.

Question 33

Proletariat

Answer 33

The poorest class of people; the lower working class wage-earners who sell their skills for money.

Question 34

Superego

Answer 34

The part of the psyche that seeks perfection and controls our sense of guilt and right and wrong; its demands are often opposite to the id.

Question 35

Postpartum Depression

Answer 35

Depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from hormonal changes, lifestyle changes, and fatigue.

Question 36

Implicit Learning

Answer 36

learning complex info without awareness.

Question 37

Invisible Culture

Answer 37

a cultures perceptions, attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Question 38

Desensitization

Answer 38

the process of becoming familiar with a stimulus, which reduces a persons reaction to it.