exam cram t2 Flashcards
1
Q
what is the meaning of weathering
A
the mechanical fracturing and chemical decomposition of rocks by natural agents on the surface of the earth
2
Q
what are the 3 types of weathering
A
physical or mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
biological weathering
3
Q
list 2 types of physical weathering
A
insolation and exfoliation
4
Q
explain block disintegretation
A
arid environments receive direct sunlight in the daytime and rapid radiation at night which leads to exposed rocks expand during the day and contract during the night. Eventually joints or cracks develop and large masses of rock break down into smaller blocks
5
Q
what is exfoliation
A
it is the formation of curved rock shells which separate in succession from the original rock masses, leaving behind successively smaller spherical bodies
6
Q
what is exfoliation also called
A
spaling
7
Q
why is exfoliation called onion peeling
A
because the shells which split away look like the layers of an onion being peeled away
8
Q
describe exfoliation in deserts
A
in deserts some of the rock surfaces are so heated that a thin shell-like layer pulls away and splits away from the cooler interior.
9
Q
how are rectangular blocks of rocks rounded
A
by exfoliation
10
Q
where are exfoliation domes formed
A
over the top of a single large body of massive rock
11
Q
how thick r individual rock shells
A
6-15 metres
12
Q
give 2 examples of exfoliation domes
A
north dome and basket dome at yosemite
13
Q
what is scree
A
the angular fragments of rock which get collected at the base of exfoliation domes
14
Q
where can we see granular disintegration
A
crystalline rocks with coarse mineral grains
15
Q
explain granular disintegration
A
heterogenous rocks are composed of various minerals with different rates of expansion and contraction, this leads to stresses within the rock and disintegration starts. This creates gravel or sand in which each grain consists of a single particle, the rocks fall apart grain by grain
16
Q
where is chemical weathering most prevalent
A
in hot and humid areas
17
Q
what is the most active substances for a chemical reaction
A
oxygen, carbon dioxide, rainwater, organic acids
18
Q
list 4 types of chemical weathering
A
oxidation, carbonation, hydration, solution
19
Q
explain oxidation
A
oxygen dissolved from air by rainwater reacts with iron sulphide present in rocks and converts it into ferric hydroxide. It is a yellow or brown crust which forms on the surface of many rocks and it readily crumbles
20
Q
explain carbonation
A
rainwater dissolves co2 from the atmosphere and forms carbonic acid, when the acidic rain falls on calcareous rocks like limestone and chalk, the calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate reacts with the acid to form calcium bicarbonate which is washed away by rainwated
21
Q
explain hydration
A
this involves the action of water on some minerals, some minerals have the ability to absorb water and increase in size, they are subsequently weakened and changed into another compound
22
Q
give an example of hydration
A
anhydrite is hydrated to gypsum
23
Q
explain solution
A
rainwater is able to dissolve certain materials and leach through the rocks, the rocks become weak and decompose
24
Q
list 5 differences between physical and chemical weathering
A
- in physical the rocks are disintegrated while in chemical they decompose
- in the physical, only the size and shape change, there is no change in physical composition. In chemical, chemical reactions occur leading to the formation of new substances and changes in the chemical composition
- physical weathering is more effective in the dry and hot areas or cold and wet areas. Chemical weathering is very effective in the hot and humid regions
- in physical weathering the rocks r affected to a great depth, in chemical only the surface of the rocks are affected
- in physical, the strong minerals are effected while in chemical minerals like quartz r difficult to weather
25
what is biological weathering also known as
organic weathering
26
how do animals help in weathering
burrowing animals create tunnels within weathered rock zone and soil which allowed greater percolation of rainwater and helps disintegrate the rocks.
Earthworms help to churn the soil and bring to the surface fine materials in the form of casts.
27
how do plants assist in physical weathering
- the expanding power of roots helps with mechanical disintegration of rocks, this exerts a lot of pressure which widens and deepens cracks and crevices. Rainwater and air enters the cracks which furthers the weathering
28
how do plants assist in chemical weathering
the decay of plant matter and formation of humus results in the creation of organic acids like humic acids which help in the decomposition of rocks
29
how do humans aid in weathering
they engage in deforestation which leads to the soil losing the binding factor of roots and soil erosion exposes fresh rock surfaces to weathering.
30
list 4 constructive effects of weathering
- weathering causes the formation of soil in which plants grow and crops are raised
- chemical weathering helps in the formation of new minerals which have economic benefits
- weathering exposes mineral layers which can be mined easily
- weathering exposes rocks like limestone and dolomite used in construction and manufacturing of cement
31
list 2 destructive effects of weathering
- the loss of life and property is caused due to the sudden movement of regolith as in the case of landslide and slumping.
- mud flows in mountainous areas cause widespread destruction
32
what is the hydrosphere
liquid and frozen water on the surface and groundwater in the soil and the rocks is called the hydrosphere
33
what are tides
the periodic rise and fall in the level of the open oceans and seas, twice in 24 hours
34
what causes tides
the gravitational pull of the sun and moon
35
what is the synodic month
the time taken by the moon to complete one orbit (29.53 DAYS)
36
what influences the height of tides
the relationships among the sun, moon an
37
when is the moon said to be in conjunction with the sun
when the sun and moon are on the same side of the earth so that all the three bodies are in a straight line
38
when is the moon said to be in opposition with the sun
when the moon and sun are on opposite sides of the earth
39
what does the term syzgy mean
it is used when all three celestial bodies are in a straight line.
40
how many times do the moon and sun combine to produce the high tides
twice a month
41
what is quadrature
this is when the celestial bodies are positioned so that the rays drawn from the moon and the sun to the earth make a 90 degrees
42
what is a lunar day
the time that elapses between the moon passing twice over any one meridian on the earth
43
how long is a lunar day
24 hours, 50 mins
44
what is high water
the rise of water level to a maximum
45
what is low water
when the ocean level falls to a minimum between two high waters
46
how many high and low waters r there in a lunar day
2 each
47
what is tidal range
the difference in height of the water at low tide and high tide
48
where is the tidal range maximum
spring tides
49
when do spring tides occur
twice a month during new moon and full moon when a syzgy occurs
50
what are spring tides
the tides produced when the tide producing forces of the moon and sun work together.
51
when do highest spring tides occur, what are they called
equinoxes, equinoctial springs
52
when do neap tides occur
when the moon and the sun are at quadrature in the phases of first and third quarter
53
what are neap tides
unusually small tides caused when the sun and moons tide producing forces balance each other out
54
what are perigean tides
tides which occur when spring tides coincide with the moons perigee leading to abnormally great tidal range
55
what are apogean tides
when neap tides coincide with apogean tides, the tidal range is abnormally small
56
what are the 5 layers of the atmosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, exosphere
57
what is the average height of the troposhere from the surface of the earth
15 km
58
what is the height of the troposphere at the poles and at the equator respectively
8 km, 18km
59
in which layer is the air densest
troposphere
60
what is the normal lapse rate of the troposphere
1 degrees celsius per 165 m of ascent
61
in which layer do weather elements occur and why
troposphere because it contains water vapour and dust particles
62
why is the troposphere a zone of turbulence
the horizontal wind system on the earths surface in conjunction with the vertical air currents transfer heat. Hence is generates a turbulent zone where intense mixing of hot and cold air occurs
63
what is the height of the stratosphere
it extends to a height of 50km
64
why is the stratopshere used for flying aircrafts
this is because it does not contain water vapor and dust particles. Hence, there is an absence of turbulence and weather phenomena.
65
what are polar stratospheric clouds
iridescent sheet-like clouds in the polar regions which are harmful sites of stratospheric ozone destruction
66
why is stratosphere a zone of inversion
this is due to the presence of ozone in the stratopshere which absorbs the solar radiations of some wavelengths including uv radiation
67
at what height is the ozonosphere
at approximately 13-35 km within the stratosphere.
68
how much ozone is found in the ozonosphere
ninety percent of the atmospheres ozone
69
how is ozone formed
due to the splitting of oxygen molecules by high energy solar photons. The single oxygen atoms then combine with o2 to form ozone.
70
where does the ionosphere lie
75-1000km from earth
71
what is the temperature in the ionosphere
500 degrees in the lower parts to 1500 degrees in the upper parts
72
how is the ionosphere ionised
it is ionised by high energy plasma, ultraviolet rays and x-rays from the sun as well as cosmic rays which enter the atmosphere.
73
why is the ionosphere unique
the charged particles refract and reflect radio waves which are vital for long distance radio communications
74
where is the magnetosphere
upper region of the ionosphere
75
which layer causes the aurora borealis and aurora australis
magnetosphere
76
what is the ionosphere also known as
thermosphere
77
what is the magnetosphere
the layer where the behavior of charged particles is strongly affected by the magnetic field of the earth and the sun
78
what is the exosphere
the region where molecules from the atmosphere can overcome the pull of gravity and escape into outer space
79
what is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere
the exosphere
80
what is the lower boundary of the exosphere
the exobase
81
where r satellites parked
exosphere
82
at what height does the exosphere merge with interplanetary space
10,000 km
83
what is the exosphere composed of and what does that thing do
ionised hydrogen which reflects uv rays from the sun and creates a geocorona
84
what is the function of ozone in the stratosphere
it forms a safety shield by absorbing UVB radiation, it maintains the stability of the climatic conditions over the surface of the earth.
85
what is the effect of tropospheric ozone
it is harmful to living organisms and damages our health , the forests and also reduces crop yields
86
how ozone formed in the troposphere
formed by sunlight acting on pollutants
87
list 3 factors of depletion of ozone
- The use of CFCs which are in things like ACs, Spray Cans, Fridges. When CFC reach the stratospheres they are broken down into chlorine atoms by UV, a single atom of chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone
- the hydrocarbons released by automobile exhausts and jet aircrafts can cause the depletion of the ozone layer
- the stratospheric clouds in the polar regions are composed of the crystalline compounds of water, nitric acid, sulphuric acid at very cold temperature of -85 degrees which destroys the ozones in the stratosphere
88
what is global warming
the rise in the temperature of the atmosphere
89
explain the greenhouse effect
carbon dioxide is increased by burning fossil fuels and cutting forests. The carbon dioxide traps the heat being reflected from the earth although some heat is lost. The warming increases water vapor in the air leading to even greater absorption of heat which lead to rising temperatures melting snow and ice increasing ocean levels
90
list 6 effects of climate change
- it will lead to rising sea levels and inundation of low lying levels
- it will cause severe floods and droughts in different parts of the world
- the spread of tropical diseases will increase
- there will be an increase in the tropical cyclones, cloud bursts and storms
- warmers temperatures will make it hard for animals like polar bear and penguins to survive, coral reefs are also getting destroyed
- crops grow in specific temparature and rainfall condition, the rise in temperature will affect the production of crops, all crops will not properly develop in high temperature.
91
what is insolation
the solar radiation which strikes the earth
92
what is terrestrial radiation
during the day, earths surface receives radiant short wave energy via insolation. At night, the heat absorbed during the day is lost to space in the form of long wave radiation
93
list 6 factors affecting the temperature of a place
```
latitude
altitude
distance from sea
slope of land
wind
ocean currents
```
94
how does latitude affect the temperature of a place
in the torrid zone, the direct rays concentrate the heat over a small area and the insolation is very high. In higher latitudes, the angle of incidence of the suns rays decline and the intensity of the insolation is less as heat is spread over a larger area
95
how many months of darkness and continuous lights r there in the polar regions
6 each
96
when is the lapse rate greater, day or night
day
97
how does altitude affect temperature
As the atmosphere is heated directly, the places nearer the surface are much warmer than on mountain slopes. The lower layers of the atmosphere hold more water vapour hence the absorption of heat is greater than the upper layers who hold less water vapour
98
how does distance from sea affect temperature
oceans and coastal plains tend to have low annual range as they are infleucned by land and sea breeze and experience maritime, insular or oceanic climate.
99
why does delhi have a higher range than thiruvananthapuram
this is because of delhis continentality
100
how do ocean currents affect climate
the cold currents are influential along the western coasts of the continents in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The cold currents flowing from the polar regions keep the summer temperature from rising and keep the coast ice-bound for at least 9 months. The warm currents make the summers warm, keep the winters mild and the winds blowing over them become moisture-bearing winds
101
list 2 effects of the gulf stream
- the southern and eastern coast of the united states are warmed by gulf stream
- labrador current meets the gulf stream and produce thick fog, the nutrient rich water of the Labrador current mixes with the warm water of the gulf stream to create conductive condition for plankton generatiion
102
list 4 effects of north atlantic drift
- it helps getting warm equatorial water to the coast of europe
- the relatively warm waters of the north atlantic drift are responsible for moderating the climate of western europe
- being a warm current, the north atlantic drift helps keep many norwegian ports free of ice throughout the year
- the westerlies bring adequate rainfall to the british islands throughout the year as the winds are warmed by the north atlantic drift
103
list 4 effects of labrador current
- it produces heavy fog and sustained rich fishing ground
- in spring and early summer icebergs are carried southward which create hazardous conditions for ships
- the labrador current has marked a moderating effect on the climate of coastal labrador and newfoundland
- cool temperature and fogs are especially common in summer
104
what happens when gulf stream and labrador current meet
it helps in the distribution of nutrients throughout the water and made the areas some of the richest fishing ground in the world
105
list 4 effects of kuro shio and oya shio
- kuroshio keeps the coastal region of japan warm
- oyashio current cools the adjacent coastal area
- oyashio current abounds in plankton and is beneficial to cold water fish
- in north japan where kuroshio meets oyashio current they form a rich fishing ground
106
how do slopes affect climate
steeper the slopes, the faster will be the fall in temp,
107
how do winds affect climate, 4 points
winds transport heat to maintain balance
- permanent wind like westerlies carries tropical air to temperate areas
- in winter, the interior of asia becomes extremely cold and freezing as winds blow in outward direction
- local winds like loo raise temperature during summer in rajasthan
108
what is atmospheric pressure
the pressure exerted upon the earth by the blanket of air surrounding the earth which has weight and occupies space
109
how does altitude affect the distribution of air pressure
altitude increases, pressure decreases,
The layers just above the earths surface are compressed and the densest. With the increase of height, the atmosphere tends to become rarified and the pressure continuously falls
110
what are the 3 factors of distribution of air pressure
altitude, temperature, rotation of earth
111
at what rate does atmospheric pressure decline with height
declines at the rate of 1cm fall in height of mercury column for every 110 m ascent
112
how are temperature and atmospheric pressure related
inversely related
113
how does temperature affect atmospheric pressure
- Heated air expands and tends to rise which reduces atmospheric pressure
- cold air contracts, it becomes heavy and subsides increasing atmospheric pressure
114
list 3 points on how rotation of the earth affects atmospheric pressure
- due to rotation, the air rising above equator is pushed towards the poles and moves in the upper troposphere
- the speed of rotation at the pole is slow and the air is thrown outwards from the poles towards the equator
- less air is left in the subpolar region and the temperate cyclone in the region helps to reduce atmospheric pressure
115
list the 4 major pressure belts
- equatorial low pressure belt
- sub-tropical high pressure belts
- sub- polar low pressure belts
- polar high pressure belts
116
where is the equatorial low pressure belt located
- between 5 degree north to 5 degrees south
117
what is the intertropical convergence zone
equatorial low pressure belt
118
why is the equatorial low pressure belt called doldrums
- due to excessive heating, horizontal movement is absent here and only convectional currents r there, it is called doldrums due to the virtual absence of surface winds
119
why is there rapid evaporation and high humidity in the equatorial low pressure belt
high temperature
120
what is 4'o clock rain
afternoon thundershowers accompanied by lightning and torrential downpour in the equatorial low pressure belt
121
where is the sub tropical high pressure belts located
30-35 degrees north and south
122
why are the sub tropical high pressure belts known as horse latitudes
in olden days vessels with cargo of horses passing through these belts found difficulty sailing under the calm conditions. They used to throw horses in the sea in order to make the vessels lighter
123
y r the sub tropical high pressure belts a zone of divergence
the descending air currents form the trades and the westerlies on the surface
124
why do sailors avoid doldrums
this is because in the past their movements were stalled here
125
why are the equatorial low pressure belts called the inter tropical convergence zone
because the northeast trades and the southeast trades meet here
126
what type of weather is found in the sub tropical high pressure belt
anti-cyclonic weather, winds r dry and weather is stable
127
where is the subpolar low pressure belt located
between 60-70 degrees north and south of the equator
128
why is the subpolar low pressure belt a zone of convergence
the cold polar easterlies and westerlies blow over the warm current to generate cyclonic weather
129
where is sub polar low pressure belt best developed
over oceans
130
where is the polar high-pressure belt located
around the pole up to 70 degress north and douth
131
what is the temperature of the polar high pressure belt
extremely low temperature throughout the year causes the air above the frozen surface to become cool, dense and heavy which then subsides and forms high pressure belt
132
how are global wind belts created
air blowing at the base of the circulation cells, from high pressure to low pressure
133
name 2 factors affecting direction and velocity of wind
pressure gradient, coriolis effect
134
what does pressure gradient mean
wind blows from high pressure to low pressure, greater the gradient, faster the speed
135
what does coriolis force mean
wind blows towards its right in northern hemisphere and left in southern hemisphere
136
where does the amount of deflection of wind increase
towards the poles
137
what are the 4 types of wind systems
planetary winds, periodic winds, variable winds, local winds
138
name 3 planetary winds
trade winds, westerlies, easterlies
139
name 2 period winds
- land and sea breeze
| - monsoon winds
140
name 2 variable winds
cyclones, anticyclones
141
name a local wind
loo
142
why is the trade wind called so
it is because it facilitated commerce between people on opposite shores
143
where do trade winds blow from and to
from sub-tropical high pressure areas towards the equatorial low-pressure belt.
144
where do trade winds lie
between 5- 30 degrees north and south
145
where do westerlies blow from and to
from sub-tropical high-pressure belts towards sub-polar low pressure belts
146
what are polar easterlies
dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the polar high-pressure belts to the temperate low pressure belts
147
why do trade winds bring heavy rainfall on eastern sides of tropical islands
this is because they are warm hence they pick up moisture
148
at what speed do trade winds blow
regularly at a constant speed
149
what are trade winds associated with
constant depressions and cyclones
150
what are trade winds also known as
permanent or constant winds
151
what degrees do westerlies blow
35-60 degrees north and south of the equator
152
why are westerlies known as anti-trade wind
because they blow opposite to the trade winds
153
where do westerlies bring rain to and when
they bring rain to mediterranean region when the pressure belt shift in winter
154
which wind helped to draw in temperate cydlone
westerlies
155
what are the roaring 40s, furious 50s, screaming 60s
in the southern hemisphere between 40-60 degrees, westerlies blow with a great force over vast oceans, they are known was the roaring 40s, furious 50s, screaming 60s
156
why are westerlies unable to blow forcefully in the northern hemisphere
due to the presence of large land masses
157
in summer which winds does the mediterranean region come under the influence of
trade winds
158
why do hot dry deserts form on the western margin of continents
trade winds become dry and offshore on the western margins of continents after continuously shedding moisture from east to west coast
159
what happens when large masses of cold polar air meet the warm westerlies
forming fronts and temperate cyclons r generated
160
what do polar winds cover in winter in the northern hemisphere
large parts of north america and asia
161
what is the cause of formation of periodic winds
differential heating of land and sea
162
when do periodic winds change direction
they change periodically with the change in season or diurnally
163
what produces monsoon phenomena
difference in temperature over the continents and water bodies
164
explain sea breeze
during the day the sun heats up both the ocean surface and the land. Water heats up more slowly than land so the air above the land will be warmer compared to the air above the ocean, the warm air over the land will rise causing low pressure at the surface. The wind will blow from the higher pressure over the water to lower pressure over the land causing sea breeze
165
explain land breeze
at night, the roles are reversed. The air over the ocean is now warmer than the air over land, the land loses heat quickly after the sun goes down, the ocean however can hold onto the heat which causes the low surface pressure to shift over to the ocean during the night and the high surface pressure to move over to the land so the wind will blow from land to ocean .
166
explain summer monsoon
in summer low pressure develops over northwestern india and an uninterrupted pressure gradient develops from subtropical high in southern hemisphere to northwestern india, the southeast trade wind cross the equator under the influence of coriolis and gets deflected and enters as southwest monsson over peninsula india and myanmar
167
why does southwest monsoon give ample rainfall
it is an onshore wind
168
explain winter monsoon
in winter formation of intense high pressure in northern plain blows out the wind as surrounding water bodies experience comparatively low pressure, so the wind system reverses. the northeast monsoon winds are generated and they blow from high pressure belt of northern plan to water bodies in the south. they are dry as they are offshore winds
169
how can northeast monsoon winds bring rain to coromandel coast if theyre dry
this is because if they blow over a stretch of moisture they can absorb moisture
170
what is chinook
a warm wind known as snow eater
171
what is foehn
a warm dry southerly wind off the northern side of the alps
172
what is mistral
a cold northerly wind from central france and the alps to mediterranean
173
what is loo
a hot wind which blows over plains of india
174
what are variable winds
winds which blow in a small area and are related to the pressure systems
175
why are variable winds called variable winds
this is because they do not blow in a definite direction and their speed and velocity varies with the pressure system
176
what is a cyclone
a rotating storm with low pressure at the centre and high pressure at the periphery
177
what is the center of the cyclone
a small region of light variable wind
178
how do the winds in a cyclone move in the northern hemisphere
in an anti clock wise direction
179
how do winds in a cyclone move in southern hemisphere
clockwise direction
180
why dont cyclones form at the equator
due to the weak coriolis force
181
where do tropical cyclones originate
between 6 to 20 degrees north and south of equator
182
how is the pressure gradient in a tropical cyclone
extremely steep
183
what is the wind speed of a tropical cyclone
may be over 225 kmph
184
why is tropical cyclone destructive
it causes immense loss of life, loss of property, storm surge, high waves along sea beaches etc.
185
what is the cause of tropical cyclone
heating of water bodies in the torrid zone during summer
186
what is the cause of temperate cyclone
meeting of cold air from the polar region and moist warm air from the tropical region
187
how is the pressure gradient in the temperate cyclon
low
188
what is wind speed of temperate cyclone in winter
40-60 kmph
189
how destructive is temperate cyclone
less destructive
190
what is an anti cyclone
a system of winds that rotates around a center of high atmospheric pressure
191
what are cyclones commonly known as
lows
192
what are highs
anti-cyclones
193
what are cyclones indicators of
bad weather
194
what are anti-cyclones indicators of
fair weather
195
how do cyclones work
air close to the ground is forced inward toward the center of the cyclone where pressure is the lowest. it then begins to rise upward, expanding and cooling in the process. This cooling increases the humidity of the rising air which results in cloudiness.
196
how do anti cyclones work
air at the center of an anticyclone is forced away from the high pressure that occurs there. That air is replaced in the center by a downward draft of air from higher altitudes, as this air moves downward, it is compressed and warmed. This warming reduces the humidity of the descending air
197
what is humidity
the amount of water vapour present in the air
198
what is saturation point
the amount of water vapour the air can hold
199
define rain
water vapour condenses around the dust particles to form droplets of water. These droplets of water float in the atmosphere to form clouds. The water droplets eventually become heavy and fall on the surface of the earth as rainfall
200
what is drizzle
when the size of the water droplets is less than 5mm in diameter
201
define snow
when the air temperature in the upper layers of the atmosphere goes below the freezing point, condensation takes place in the form of snowflakes, it reaches the earths surface as snow
202
what clouds do hail form in
thunderstorm clouds
203
define hail
The upward rising convectional currents lift frozen pellets high up in the atmosphere. These pellets grow large and heavy. They fall on the earths surface as hailstones which may be as heavy as 1 kg
204
what are the 3 types of rainfall
convectional rainfall, oreographic rainfall, cyclonic rainfall
205
explain convectional rainfall
the ground gets heated and the air becomes lighter and rises.
The condensation of moisture in the upper strata takes place, the air cools down and descends to replace the rising warm air
206
what accompanies convectional rainfall
thunder and lightning
207
give a real example of convectional rainfall
this rainfall takes place daily in the equatorial region and is known as 4'o clock rain
208
why is the leeward side called the rain shadow area
because little rainfall is caused here
209
explain oreographic rainfall
moisture-laden wind blows from the sea to the land transversely to the mountain barrier, it meets with an obstruction in the form of a mountain range. the air rises, condensation takes place, clouds are formed and it rains on the windward side. The leeward side receives dry air and there is no rainfall
210
why is california a desert
the westerlies are obstructed by the coastal ranges
211
give an example of oreographic rainfall in india
mumbai is on the windward slope so it receives heavy rainfall while pune receives less rainfall as it is on the leeward slope.
212
explain cyclonic rainfall
the rainfall takes place in an area of low pressure with ascending air, the warm and cold air masses meet. The warm air being lighter rises above the cold air, a warm front is formed.
213
in which regions does cyclonic rainfall occur
tropical and temperate regions
214
which form of rainfall receives different forms of atmospheric turbulence
cyclonic rainfall
