Exam buzzwords Flashcards
What is the diagnosis with stony dull percussion of the lung on examination?
Pleural effusion
What is the most likely diagnosis for ‘right sided pleuritic chest pain’?
Most likely pneumonia
What is the ABCDE of signs of pulmonary oedema on xray?
Alveolar bat's wings Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion
What would give a ground-glass appearance on Xray?
Pulmonary fibrosis
Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
What is the diagnosis with Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli?
TB
What is the diagnosis if ‘caseous necrosis’ seen on pathology?
TB
What is the most likely apical disease?
Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus
What is miliary tuberculosis?
Spread of organism into bloodstream
What happens if miliary TB spreads via pulmonary artery?
Miliary dissemination into the lung occurs
What happens if miliary TB spreads via pulmonary vein?
There is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys
What is the diagnosis with positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
What is the likely causative organism of a chest infection with a patient with a parrot as a pet?
Chlamydophila psittaci
What is the most likely causative organism of dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread?
Legionella
What is the diagnosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss?
Sarcoidosis
In which disease would a signet ring sign (bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole) on CT be seen?
Bronchiectasis
What is the diagnosis if a ‘steeple sign’ seen on Xray?
Croup/laryngotracheobronchitis
What is the most likely diagnosis in a child with a barking cough?
Croup
In which patients is pneumocystis carinii seen and what is the treatment?
HIV+
Treat with Co-tramoxazole ± prednisolone if severe
What is the usual causative organism in alcoholics?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
What is the causal organism of ‘rusty sputum’?
Pneumococcal (in pneumonia)
Which organism causes ‘red jelly sputum’ in pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Which lung tumour can secrete ACTH?
Small cell carcinoma
Which lung tumour can secrete PTH?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the diagnosis if egg-shell calcification is seen at the hilar region?
Silicosis
What is the likely type of tumour seen in a non-smoker with lung cancer?
Peripheral adenocarcinoma
