Exam B

Question 1

Behavior modification w/ a TBI patient is best achieved how?

Answer 1

through use of positive reinforcements for all desired behaviors

Question 2

cardiac rehab initial aerobic exercise prescription following cardiac transplant

Answer 2

aerobic exercises
- 4-6 x per week
- progressively increasing duration from 15-60 min per session
- longer warmup and cool down periods

Question 3

vision loss w/ cataracts vs glaucoma

Answer 3

cataracts - clouding of lens, w/ gradual loss of vision, central loss first

glaucoma - loss of peripheral vision first, then central

Question 4

Allen’s test

Answer 4

test to measure arterial blood flow to the palm and hand

Question 5

Watson test

Answer 5

scaphoid shift test
- diagnose carpal bone instability

Question 5

Glascow Coma Scale

Answer 5

used to acutely assess patient’s level of consciousness and severity of TBI

Question 6

anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation can result in what? What muscles would be affected?

Answer 6

injury to axillary nerve
- deltoids

Question 7

medial-posterior shoulder dislocation can result in what? What muscles would be affected?

Answer 7

dorsal scapular nerve
- weak rhomboids (elevation, retraction, downward rotation of scapula)

Question 8

Type 1 vs Type 2 error
- what must be adjusted to account for type 1 error?

Answer 8

1 - when the conclusion is made that a difference between group exists when no difference actually exists (must adjust alpha level)

2 - stating there is no difference between groups when a real difference exists

Question 9

What type of exercises are emphasized in the subacute phase after the unhappy triad?

Answer 9

closed-chain functional strengthening
- emphasize regaining terminal knee extension

Question 10

hyperthyroidism characteristics

Answer 10

• exercise intolerance and impaired cardiopulmonary function (arrhythmias, tachycardia, dyspnea, fatigue)
• proximal muscle weakness

Question 11

Erb’s paralysis involves what?
- expected examination findings

Answer 11

muscles innervated by C5-C6 nerve roots (elbow flexors, supinators, shoulder abduction and scap stability)

intact elbow extension, wrist flexion, and finger flexion/adduction/abduction

Question 12

Klumpke’s paralysis involves what?
- expected examination findings

Answer 12

brachial plexus injury involving lower trunk, C8, and T1 nerves, muscles of forearm and hand

weakness of wrist flexors, finger flexors hand/thumb, and finger intrinsic muscles
- claw hand appearance

Question 13

taste over posterior tongue is a function of what CN?

Answer 13

9 glossopharyngeal

Question 14

strength of tongue protrusion is a function of what CN?

Answer 14

12 hypoglossal

Question 15

pupillary reflexes are a function of what CN?

Answer 15

2 optic

Question 16

the magnitude of the difference between two mean values.

Answer 16

effect size

Question 17

extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions.

Answer 17

efficacy

Question 18

extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under usual clinical conditions.

Answer 18

effectiveness

Question 19

smallest treatment effect that would result in a change in patient management, given its side effects, costs, and inconveniences.

Answer 19

minimal clinically important difference (MCID)

Question 20

A normal breathing range for an adult (age 18 years and older) is

Answer 20

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 21

A normal breathing range for a child in elementary school (age 6-12 years)

Answer 21

18-30 breaths per minute

Question 22

A normal breathing range for a toddler (age 1-3 years)

Answer 22

24-40 breaths per minute

Question 23

A normal breathing range for an infant (age birth to 1 year)

Answer 23

30-60 breaths per minute

Question 24

Bronchospasm is blunted when exercising in a _______ environment, compared with a _______ environment

Answer 24

Bronchospasm is blunted when exercising in a humid environment, compared with a dry environment

Question 25

The ______________ tract originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain and terminates in the anterior horn, where it synapses with lower motor neurons that primarily innervate the upper extremities.

Answer 25

rubrospinal tract

Question 26

The ____________ tract is the primary motor pathway and controls skilled movements of the extremities.

What is a common indicator of tract damage?

Answer 26

corticospinal tract

Babinski sign

Question 27

The ________________ tract relays sensory information. The dorsal or posterior columns carry information about position sense (proprioception), vibration, two-point discrimination, and deep touch.

Answer 27

spinothalamic tract

Question 28

The _______________ tract assists in postural adjustments

Answer 28

vestibulospinal tract

Question 29

A patient has restricted left rotation at the C5–C6 level. When performing a unilateral posterior-anterior joint mobilization, placement of the physical therapist’s hand at which of the following locations is MOST likely to increase left rotation?

Answer 29

Right posterior articular pillar at C5

Question 30

urge incontinence- treatment?

Answer 30

• inability to hold urine long enough to reach a restroom

treatment w/ voiding schedule

Question 31

stress incontinence - treatment?

Answer 31

• leakage of urine during exercise, coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting heavy objects, or performing other body movements that put pressure on the bladder

pelvic floor exercises

Question 32

functional incontinence - treatment?

Answer 32

• urine leakage due to difficulty reaching a restroom in time bc of physical conditions, such as arthritis, injury or other disabilities

Removal of clutter within the bathroom

Question 33

overflow incontinence - treatment?

Answer 33

• leakage occurs when the quantity of urine produced exceeds the bladder’s capacity to hold it

catheter or removal of obstruction (enlarged prostate)