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Board Review Practice Exams > Exam A > Flashcards

Exam A Flashcards

1
Q

MSK effects of hypothyroidism

A
  • myalgia
  • proximal muscle weakness
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2
Q

criteria for metabolic syndrome

A
  • low HDL (<40 in men, <50 in women)
  • high triglycerides (>150)
  • fasting blood glucose (>110)
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3
Q

hip dysplasia is more common in who

A

more common in females than males

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4
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- What is it?
- Who is it most common in?
- What does it lead to?

A

idiopathic childhood hip disorder that leads to avascular necrosis
- age onset 2-13 y/o, more common in males
- gradual onset and limited ROM in ABD and EXT

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5
Q

gait deviation associated w/ Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

psoatic limp due to weakness of the psoas major muscle
- pt moves in hip ER, flex, and ADD along w/ exaggerated trunk and pelvic movements

pt has limited ROM in ABD and EXT

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6
Q

When do growing pains typically present? Is there a ROM or gait deviation associated w/ growing pain?

A
  • typically present at night
  • no loss of ROM or a dysfunctional gait
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7
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- onset age and gait deviations

A
  • males 10-17 y/o (avg 13 years)
  • Trendelenburg gait and limited ROM in ABD, flex, and IR
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8
Q

What are the muscles needed for crutch use?

A
  • shoulder depressors
  • shoulder extensors
  • elbow extensors
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9
Q

What is a common injury after GH dislocation? What are the symptoms?

A

axillary nerve injury - occurs in 40%

  • numbness or paresthesias in lateral shoulder and weakness w/ shoulder ABD
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10
Q

What breathing techniques is required to reverse atelectasis?

A

deep breathing
- segmental breathing
- incentive spirometry

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11
Q

treatment for ionto

A

direct current using negative pole

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12
Q

thoracic aortic aneurysm S&S
- Who is at risk?

A

throbbing or pulsating pain between the shoulder blades or substernal

  • connective tissue disorders such as Marfan’s syndrome (tall and thin w/ sternal deformities)
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13
Q

best treatment following manual lymphatic drainage

A

compression treatment utilizing short stretch bandages w/ multilayered foam padding applied distal to proximal

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14
Q

TMJ capsular pattern

A

limited ipsilateral opening and lateral deviation to the side of restriction

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15
Q

metabolic abnormalities seen in adrenal insufficiency

A
  • hyponatremia (decreased sodium) secondary to renal loss of sodium
  • decrease in cortisol (inability to regulate potassium and sodium)
  • general fatigue and anorexia

pt will have:
- hyperkalemic
- hypoglycemic
- may have acidosis

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16
Q

CRPS type 1 vs type 2

A

unexplained and hypersensitive pain, temp changes, skin changes, and swelling of the affected areas
- No nerve damage in type 1
- Nerve damage in type 2

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17
Q

Where is arthritis w/ pain and swelling typically w/ chronic Lyme disease

A

large joints

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18
Q

How to read 10 sec ECG strip

A

each square = 0.2 seconds
5 squares = 1 second (50 total squares = 10 sec strip)
- count QRS peaks then multiply by 6

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19
Q

Normal tone and posturing for newborn

A
  • shoulders are abducted and ER rotated
  • elbows and fingers are flexed
  • hips are abducted and ER rotated
  • knees are flexed
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20
Q

Best exercises for osteoporosis

A

extensor stabilization exercises in weight bearing postures
- provide best stimulus to bone

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21
Q

Symptoms of shock
- what should be done if pt in shock?

A

-restlessness and anxiety
- decreased LOC
- skin changes (cool, moist, pale/gray)

Put pt in supine, elevate legs if appropriate
- ACTIVATE EMS if sxs are not quickly resolved

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22
Q

common findings w/ internal bleeding

A

referred pain

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23
Q

Stemmer’s sign - what does it indicate?

A

Pull skin at base of 2nd toe or finder
- if skin is unable to be pulled up = sign of lymphedema

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24
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A
  • paralysis of muscles innervated by lower roots of brachial plexus (C8-T1)
  • intrinsic hand muscles, flexors of wrist and fingers, and forearm pronators

Claw hand

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25
pain and tenderness over McBurney's point means what
acute appendicitis - McBurney's point is located 1/2 the distance between ASIS and umbilicus in right lower abdomen
26
Best outcome measure to assess primary impairments after CVA?
Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance - contains specific tests to assess upper and lower extremity function, strength, coordination, sensation, and ROM
27
decerebrate posturing
UE and LE held in extension
28
decorticate posture
UE in flexion and LE in extension
29
T/F: Semi-Fowler position is effective for trunk stabilizers exercises
false Semi-Fowler position (supine, head and torso elevated 30 deg)
30
When is the best time to buy shoes for diabetic patient?
at end of day when feet are larger
31
clubfoot positioning - how to stretch
Clubfoot - PF and inverted stretch into DF and eversion
32
joint mobilizatin to improve elbow flexion
anterior glide of radial head on humerus elbow - concave on convex
33
What is the most significant prognostic indicator of full wound closure for diabetic foot ulcerations?
significant decrease in wound area during the first month (significant decrease in wound area in first few weeks is also predictor of complete wound healing in venous and pressure ulcerations)
34
suprascapular nerve innervates what? What motions would be affected?
supra and infraspinatus - test ABD and ER
35
clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease
inflammation of inside of intestine - can include polyarthritis and migratory arthralgias - diarrhea - constipation - abdominal pain - fever - rectal bleeding - night sweats - skin rashes and uveitis (inflammation of inner eye)
36
clinical signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer
- rectal bleeding - hemorrhoids - abdominal, pelvic, back, and sacral pain - diarrhea - N&V - constipation - unexplained weight loss
37
diverticulitis S&S
abdominal pain and nausea - left lower quadrant pain - flatulence - bloody stools - constipation
38
Pancreatitis S&S
Epigastric pain that radiates to mid back - N&V and diarrhea - abdominal distention - malaise - Jaundice
39
Cullen's sign
bluish discoloration of abdomen - sign of severe pancreatitis
40
Grey Turner's sign
discoloration of the flanks due to hemorrhage - sign of severe pancreatitis
41
hemosiderin changes and increased LE edema are indicative of
chronic venous insufficiency
42
acute arterial insufficiency S&S
- significant pain - pale or cyanotic skin - decreased or absent pulses
43
chronic arterial insufficiency S&S
- pain, decreased or absent pulses - dependent rubor along w/ trophic changes (nail changes, loss of hair, and pale, shiny skin)
44
ACA vs MCA signs
ACA - contralateral hemiplegia w/ LE>UE MCA - contralateral hemiplegia w/ UE>LE
45
capsular pattern of hip
limitation of hip flexion, IR, and ABD
46
Jersey finger
rupture or avulsion fx of flexor digitorum profundus tendon at insertion on distal phalanx (most often ring finger) - unable to flex DIP in isolation - MOI is forceful extension of DIP during max contraction of FDP
47
mallet finger
rupture or avulsion of terminal tendon of extensor mechanism at insertion on distal phalanx - deformity of DIP and unable to produce active extension - MOI of traumatic forced flexion of DIP
48
Boutonniere deformity
rupture of central tendinous slip of extensor tendon - PIP is flexed and between 2 lateral bands of extensor mechanism
49
Swan neck deformity
injury to volar plate or transverse retinacular ligament - deformity of flexion of MCP and DIP w/ relative hyperextension of PIP
50
An unstable knee unit of a transfemoral prosthesis will cause what?
forward flexion during stance
51
inadequate socket flexion of a transfemoral prosthesis will result in what?
lordosis during stance
52
a high medial wall (or abducted hip joint) in a transfemoral prosthesis will result in what?
abducted gait
53
transfemoral prosthesis causes of circumduction gait
- long prosthesis - locked knee unit - inadequate knee flexion - inadequate suspension - small or loose socket - plantar flexed foot
54
What common MSK complication of cystic fibrosis is important to combat w/ a resistance training program?
decreased bone density
55
typical location of an arterial ulcer
- distal lower legs - lateral malleolus - anterior tibial areas
56
typical location of an venous ulcer
- distal lower leg - medial malleolus
57
What is the most common cause of unilateral inguinal lymph node swelling?
injury or infection involving the distal foot, leg, thigh, or hip
58
_________ movements do not promote active learning
passive
59
Stage 1 ulcer is characterized by
nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
60
Stage 2 ulcer is characterized by
partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or dermis
61
Stage 3 ulcer is characterized by
full-thickness skin loss w/ damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
62
Stage 4 ulcer is characterized by
full-thickness skin loss w/ extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, and damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures
63
Duchenne's MD - what is common in terms of MSK
- Muscle wasting and atrophy Contractures of - hips - knees - PF - IT band
64
Duchenne's MD - main focus of PT
- prevent contractures - maintaining ADLs - energy conservation - family ed - positioning
65
Duchenne's MD - what can cause breakdown of muscle fibers
strenuous exercise and strengthening
66
what can cause > lateral displacement force on patella
increased valgus deformity - increased Q angle
67
What hamstring ROM allows for longsitting in SCI?
110 deg in supine
68
muscles used in mouth opening
- lateral pterygoid - anterior head of digastric - suprahyoid muscles
69
muscles used in mouth closing
- masseter - temporalis - medial pterygoid - lateral pterygoid
70
muscles used in mouth protrusion
- temporalis - medial pterygoid - lateral pterygoid
71
muscles used in mouth retrusion
- temporalis - suprahyoid
72
What can occur secondary to a Pancoast tumor?
medial cord brachial plexopathy
73
What characteristic/symptoms is most consistent w/ ALS?
UMN and LMN involvement w/o sensory loss
74
What is a common objective finding in Paget's disease?
increased skin temp over affected long bones
75
gallstones are more commonly found in patients who
- overweight - female - around 4th decade - eat meals high in fat/cholesterol
76
lurching bwds during stance is a compensation for what
- weak hip extensors
77
hip and knee flexion contracture would produce what? What kind of gait would occur?
- produce a short limb - opposite extremity having to circumduct, hip hike, and steppage gait
78
Common adverse effects that patients taking nitrates, diuretics, beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists experience?
hypotension and dizziness
79
What is the optimal training range for increasing ventilatory muscle strength?
30-75% of MIP
80
The Mini-BEST test does what that the berg balance, FGA, and TUG does not
reactive postural control
81
What is given during exercise to help prevent hypoglycemia?
rapidly absorbed carbs - fruit, candy, honey
82
Slowly vs fast absorbed carbs for hypoglycemia
slowly - help prevent delayed-onset hypoglycemia fast - given during exercise to help prevent hypoglycemia
83
torticollis stretching
stabilize ipsi shoulder, stretch neck in to contra side-bending and ipsi rotation
84
pressure tolerant areas of transtibial residual limb
- patellar tendon - medial tibial plateau - tibial and fibular shafts and distal ends
85
dependent edema is indicative of what
right ventricular failure
86
juvenile RA symptoms
- swollen, stiff, painful joint usually worse in AM - fatigue - fever - swollen lymph nodes - poor weight gain/slow growth
87
Stage 1 (early signs) of CRPS
- hyperalgia (increased sensitivity to pain) - allodynia (all stimuli are perceived as painful) - hyperpathia (increased intensity) w/ edema - increased sweating - thin, shiny skin
88
Stage 2 ( later signs and symptoms) of CRPS
- increased pain w/ edema - atrophic skin and nail changes
89
Stage 3 (late stage changes) of CRPS
- spreading pain - hardening of edema - cool, dry, and cyanotic skin - developing osteoporosis - ankylosis
90
Female patients who take hormonal birth control are at increased risk for what? What should be done if this impairment is suspected?
- pulmonary embolism or DVT refer for emergency medical treatment

Board Review Practice Exams (2 decks)

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