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Board Review Practice Exams > Exam A > Flashcards

Exam A Flashcards

1
Q

MSK effects of hypothyroidism

A
  • myalgia
  • proximal muscle weakness
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2
Q

criteria for metabolic syndrome

A
  • low HDL (<40 in men, <50 in women)
  • high triglycerides (>150)
  • fasting blood glucose (>110)
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3
Q

hip dysplasia is more common in who

A

more common in females than males

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4
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- What is it?
- Who is it most common in?
- What does it lead to?

A

idiopathic childhood hip disorder that leads to avascular necrosis
- age onset 2-13 y/o, more common in males
- gradual onset and limited ROM in ABD and EXT

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5
Q

gait deviation associated w/ Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

psoatic limp due to weakness of the psoas major muscle
- pt moves in hip ER, flex, and ADD along w/ exaggerated trunk and pelvic movements

pt has limited ROM in ABD and EXT

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6
Q

When do growing pains typically present? Is there a ROM or gait deviation associated w/ growing pain?

A
  • typically present at night
  • no loss of ROM or a dysfunctional gait
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7
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- onset age and gait deviations

A
  • males 10-17 y/o (avg 13 years)
  • Trendelenburg gait and limited ROM in ABD, flex, and IR
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8
Q

What are the muscles needed for crutch use?

A
  • shoulder depressors
  • shoulder extensors
  • elbow extensors
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9
Q

What is a common injury after GH dislocation? What are the symptoms?

A

axillary nerve injury - occurs in 40%

  • numbness or paresthesias in lateral shoulder and weakness w/ shoulder ABD
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10
Q

What breathing techniques is required to reverse atelectasis?

A

deep breathing
- segmental breathing
- incentive spirometry

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11
Q

treatment for ionto

A

direct current using negative pole

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12
Q

thoracic aortic aneurysm S&S
- Who is at risk?

A

throbbing or pulsating pain between the shoulder blades or substernal

  • connective tissue disorders such as Marfan’s syndrome (tall and thin w/ sternal deformities)
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13
Q

best treatment following manual lymphatic drainage

A

compression treatment utilizing short stretch bandages w/ multilayered foam padding applied distal to proximal

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14
Q

TMJ capsular pattern

A

limited ipsilateral opening and lateral deviation to the side of restriction

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15
Q

metabolic abnormalities seen in adrenal insufficiency

A
  • hyponatremia (decreased sodium) secondary to renal loss of sodium
  • decrease in cortisol (inability to regulate potassium and sodium)
  • general fatigue and anorexia

pt will have:
- hyperkalemic
- hypoglycemic
- may have acidosis

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16
Q

CRPS type 1 vs type 2

A

unexplained and hypersensitive pain, temp changes, skin changes, and swelling of the affected areas
- No nerve damage in type 1
- Nerve damage in type 2

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17
Q

Where is arthritis w/ pain and swelling typically w/ chronic Lyme disease

A

large joints

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18
Q

How to read 10 sec ECG strip

A

each square = 0.2 seconds
5 squares = 1 second (50 total squares = 10 sec strip)
- count QRS peaks then multiply by 6

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19
Q

Normal tone and posturing for newborn

A
  • shoulders are abducted and ER rotated
  • elbows and fingers are flexed
  • hips are abducted and ER rotated
  • knees are flexed
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20
Q

Best exercises for osteoporosis

A

extensor stabilization exercises in weight bearing postures
- provide best stimulus to bone

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21
Q

Symptoms of shock
- what should be done if pt in shock?

A

-restlessness and anxiety
- decreased LOC
- skin changes (cool, moist, pale/gray)

Put pt in supine, elevate legs if appropriate
- ACTIVATE EMS if sxs are not quickly resolved

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22
Q

common findings w/ internal bleeding

A

referred pain

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23
Q

Stemmer’s sign - what does it indicate?

A

Pull skin at base of 2nd toe or finder
- if skin is unable to be pulled up = sign of lymphedema

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24
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A
  • paralysis of muscles innervated by lower roots of brachial plexus (C8-T1)
  • intrinsic hand muscles, flexors of wrist and fingers, and forearm pronators

Claw hand

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25
Q

pain and tenderness over McBurney’s point means what

A

acute appendicitis
- McBurney’s point is located 1/2 the distance between ASIS and umbilicus in right lower abdomen

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26
Q

Best outcome measure to assess primary impairments after CVA?

A

Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance
- contains specific tests to assess upper and lower extremity function, strength, coordination, sensation, and ROM

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27
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

UE and LE held in extension

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28
Q

decorticate posture

A

UE in flexion and LE in extension

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29
Q

T/F: Semi-Fowler position is effective for trunk stabilizers exercises

A

false

Semi-Fowler position (supine, head and torso elevated 30 deg)

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30
Q

When is the best time to buy shoes for diabetic patient?

A

at end of day when feet are larger

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31
Q

clubfoot positioning
- how to stretch

A

Clubfoot - PF and inverted

stretch into DF and eversion

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32
Q

joint mobilizatin to improve elbow flexion

A

anterior glide of radial head on humerus

elbow - concave on convex

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33
Q

What is the most significant prognostic indicator of full wound closure for diabetic foot ulcerations?

A

significant decrease in wound area during the first month
(significant decrease in wound area in first few weeks is also predictor of complete wound healing in venous and pressure ulcerations)

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34
Q

suprascapular nerve innervates what? What motions would be affected?

A

supra and infraspinatus
- test ABD and ER

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35
Q

clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease

A

inflammation of inside of intestine
- can include polyarthritis and migratory arthralgias

  • diarrhea
  • constipation
  • abdominal pain
  • fever
  • rectal bleeding
  • night sweats
  • skin rashes and uveitis (inflammation of inner eye)
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36
Q

clinical signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer

A
  • rectal bleeding
  • hemorrhoids
  • abdominal, pelvic, back, and sacral pain
  • diarrhea
  • N&V
  • constipation
  • unexplained weight loss
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37
Q

diverticulitis S&S

A

abdominal pain and nausea
- left lower quadrant pain
- flatulence
- bloody stools
- constipation

38
Q

Pancreatitis S&S

A

Epigastric pain that radiates to mid back

  • N&V and diarrhea
  • abdominal distention
  • malaise
  • Jaundice
39
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

bluish discoloration of abdomen - sign of severe pancreatitis

40
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

discoloration of the flanks due to hemorrhage - sign of severe pancreatitis

41
Q

hemosiderin changes and increased LE edema are indicative of

A

chronic venous insufficiency

42
Q

acute arterial insufficiency S&S

A
  • significant pain
  • pale or cyanotic skin
  • decreased or absent pulses
43
Q

chronic arterial insufficiency S&S

A
  • pain, decreased or absent pulses
  • dependent rubor along w/ trophic changes (nail changes, loss of hair, and pale, shiny skin)
44
Q

ACA vs MCA signs

A

ACA - contralateral hemiplegia w/ LE>UE

MCA - contralateral hemiplegia w/ UE>LE

45
Q

capsular pattern of hip

A

limitation of hip flexion, IR, and ABD

46
Q

Jersey finger

A

rupture or avulsion fx of flexor digitorum profundus tendon at insertion on distal phalanx (most often ring finger)
- unable to flex DIP in isolation
- MOI is forceful extension of DIP during max contraction of FDP

47
Q

mallet finger

A

rupture or avulsion of terminal tendon of extensor mechanism at insertion on distal phalanx
- deformity of DIP and unable to produce active extension
- MOI of traumatic forced flexion of DIP

48
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

rupture of central tendinous slip of extensor tendon
- PIP is flexed and between 2 lateral bands of extensor mechanism

49
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

injury to volar plate or transverse retinacular ligament
- deformity of flexion of MCP and DIP w/ relative hyperextension of PIP

50
Q

An unstable knee unit of a transfemoral prosthesis will cause what?

A

forward flexion during stance

51
Q

inadequate socket flexion of a transfemoral prosthesis will result in what?

A

lordosis during stance

52
Q

a high medial wall (or abducted hip joint) in a transfemoral prosthesis will result in what?

A

abducted gait

53
Q

transfemoral prosthesis causes of circumduction gait

A
  • long prosthesis
  • locked knee unit
  • inadequate knee flexion
  • inadequate suspension
  • small or loose socket
  • plantar flexed foot
54
Q

What common MSK complication of cystic fibrosis is important to combat w/ a resistance training program?

A

decreased bone density

55
Q

typical location of an arterial ulcer

A
  • distal lower legs
  • lateral malleolus
  • anterior tibial areas
56
Q

typical location of an venous ulcer

A
  • distal lower leg
  • medial malleolus
57
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral inguinal lymph node swelling?

A

injury or infection involving the distal foot, leg, thigh, or hip

58
Q

_________ movements do not promote active learning

A

passive

59
Q

Stage 1 ulcer is characterized by

A

nonblanchable erythema of intact skin

60
Q

Stage 2 ulcer is characterized by

A

partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or dermis

61
Q

Stage 3 ulcer is characterized by

A

full-thickness skin loss w/ damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue

62
Q

Stage 4 ulcer is characterized by

A

full-thickness skin loss w/ extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, and damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures

63
Q

Duchenne’s MD - what is common in terms of MSK

A
  • Muscle wasting and atrophy

Contractures of
- hips
- knees
- PF
- IT band

64
Q

Duchenne’s MD - main focus of PT

A
  • prevent contractures
  • maintaining ADLs
  • energy conservation
  • family ed
  • positioning
65
Q

Duchenne’s MD - what can cause breakdown of muscle fibers

A

strenuous exercise and strengthening

66
Q

what can cause > lateral displacement force on patella

A

increased valgus deformity
- increased Q angle

67
Q

What hamstring ROM allows for longsitting in SCI?

A

110 deg in supine

68
Q

muscles used in mouth opening

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • anterior head of digastric
  • suprahyoid muscles
69
Q

muscles used in mouth closing

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
70
Q

muscles used in mouth protrusion

A
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
71
Q

muscles used in mouth retrusion

A
  • temporalis
  • suprahyoid
72
Q

What can occur secondary to a Pancoast tumor?

A

medial cord brachial plexopathy

73
Q

What characteristic/symptoms is most consistent w/ ALS?

A

UMN and LMN involvement w/o sensory loss

74
Q

What is a common objective finding in Paget’s disease?

A

increased skin temp over affected long bones

75
Q

gallstones are more commonly found in patients who

A
  • overweight
  • female
  • around 4th decade
  • eat meals high in fat/cholesterol
76
Q

lurching bwds during stance is a compensation for what

A
  • weak hip extensors
77
Q

hip and knee flexion contracture would produce what? What kind of gait would occur?

A
  • produce a short limb
  • opposite extremity having to circumduct, hip hike, and steppage gait
78
Q

Common adverse effects that patients taking nitrates, diuretics, beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists experience?

A

hypotension and dizziness

79
Q

What is the optimal training range for increasing ventilatory muscle strength?

A

30-75% of MIP

80
Q

The Mini-BEST test does what that the berg balance, FGA, and TUG does not

A

reactive postural control

81
Q

What is given during exercise to help prevent hypoglycemia?

A

rapidly absorbed carbs - fruit, candy, honey

82
Q

Slowly vs fast absorbed carbs for hypoglycemia

A

slowly - help prevent delayed-onset hypoglycemia

fast - given during exercise to help prevent hypoglycemia

83
Q

torticollis stretching

A

stabilize ipsi shoulder, stretch neck in to contra side-bending and ipsi rotation

84
Q

pressure tolerant areas of transtibial residual limb

A
  • patellar tendon
  • medial tibial plateau
  • tibial and fibular shafts and distal ends
85
Q

dependent edema is indicative of what

A

right ventricular failure

86
Q

juvenile RA symptoms

A
  • swollen, stiff, painful joint usually worse in AM
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • poor weight gain/slow growth
87
Q

Stage 1 (early signs) of CRPS

A
  • hyperalgia (increased sensitivity to pain)
  • allodynia (all stimuli are perceived as painful)
  • hyperpathia (increased intensity) w/ edema
  • increased sweating
  • thin, shiny skin
88
Q

Stage 2 ( later signs and symptoms) of CRPS

A
  • increased pain w/ edema
  • atrophic skin and nail changes
89
Q

Stage 3 (late stage changes) of CRPS

A
  • spreading pain
  • hardening of edema
  • cool, dry, and cyanotic skin
  • developing osteoporosis
  • ankylosis
90
Q

Female patients who take hormonal birth control are at increased risk for what? What should be done if this impairment is suspected?

A
  • pulmonary embolism or DVT

refer for emergency medical treatment

Board Review Practice Exams (2 decks)

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