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ANSC 1210 > exam (after midterm) > Flashcards

exam (after midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

**welfare inputs

A

measure of environment and resources, resource based measurements.
includes management, envrionment, animal genetics, early life experience

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2
Q

welfare outputs

A

animal responses, animal based measurements

includes behaviour, physiology, clinical health, production

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3
Q

welfare indicators (2)

A
  • practicability - time constraints, expenses, handling, observation
  • reliability - repeatability and validity
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4
Q

** inputs for welfare - meaning of management

A

stockman training, time they have to care for animals

how many animals 1 person is taking care of

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5
Q

** inputs for welfare - meaning of environment/housing

A

kind of housing, quality/amount of animals, use of vaccines

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6
Q

** inputs for welfare - meaning of genetics/early life

A

genetic makeup and early experience affects disease resistance and fear thresholds.

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7
Q

4 applications for group assessment

A
  1. research - health/welfare monitoring, impact of interventions
  2. voluntary certification schemes
  3. legislation/ codes of practice
  4. advisory - preventative medicine
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8
Q

2 groups of analgesics

A
  1. opioids (narcotics)

2. non-steroidal Anti-Inflamitory Drugs (NSAIDs)

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9
Q

why is pain often not recognized in vet practice

A

use ranges 84-17% bc od difficulty recognizing pain, lack of knowledge abt appropriate therapy

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10
Q

what is pain

A

unpleasant sensory/emotional experience w critical/potential tissue damage
- either physical hurt/discomfort caused by injury or emotional suffering

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11
Q

function of pain

A

alarm system that alerts organism to take action to avoid or minimize injury

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12
Q

why do animals change their physiology when in pain

A
  • reduce/avoid damage
  • reduce likelihood of recurrence
  • promote recovery
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13
Q

most frequent injury areas

A

foot and leg most frequent

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14
Q

inflammatory pain

A

greatest cause of pain in vertebrates- external trigger.

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15
Q

ischaemic pain

A

bc of lack of blood from pressure on artery. like Maddy’s toe

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16
Q

electrical shock pain

A

direct activation of nerves near content point, causes muscle contraction

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17
Q

facial expression of pain

A

used often in infants.

can’t use it as full justification for animals - anthrophomiphism

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18
Q

attentional shifts altering preception

A

motivational change acts by way of refocussing attention

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19
Q

challenges w pain management on farm

A

limited factors for pain management (assessment, availability, lack of clinical trails, withdrawn times)

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20
Q

reasons for castration

A 
reduce aggression
improve safety
reduce sexual behaviour
avoid unwanted pregnancy
improve meat quality
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21
Q

tail docking

A

on sheep, cows, pigs, dogs, usually w/o anasthetic

procedural or post-procedural pain

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22
Q

dehorning

A

removing horn and horn producing tissue

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23
Q

beak trimming

A

reduces mortality and morbidity, acute and chronic pain. considered mutilation.

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24
Q

muelsing

A

removing skin fold w knife to prevent parasite infestation

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25
Q

how does physical environment affect welfare

A

preventing performance of behaviours, unstimulating, increased likelihood of disease, damaging/injuring animals, causing discomfort, frightening animals

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26
Q

code of practice for hens and pullets

A

all new housing systems must support nesting, perching, and foraging behaviour. all hens must have enriched cage

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27
Q

internal parasite impact

A

reduce growth, may delay sexual maturity, may reduce milk production

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28
Q

external parasite impact

A

transmit pathogens, disturb feeding time, reduce milk production

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29
Q

how to judge truck designs for pigs

A

loading and unloading behaviour
temp on truck
behaviour during lariage
meat quality

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30
Q

humane slaughter

A

animals must be stunned before blood removed
stunning induces unconsciousness asap
when stunning is done, animal does not feel pain.

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31
Q

captive bolt stunning

A

penetrative- more effective, lower chance of effort

non-prenatrative - may not fracture skull

32
Q

electrical stunning

A

widely used in pigs and chickens
can cause blood speckle and splash
animal needs to be restrained, potential to be incorrectly stunned

33
Q

CO2 stunning

A

pigs respond badly, loss of consciousness 33-47 sec

loss of posture after 10 sec. 80-95% CO2

34
Q

quality assurance/farm assurance programmes

A

private companies/ producers etc, focus on food safety and welfare- marketing

35
Q

health of animals act

A

1990
enabling act- authorizes making regulations
aimed to protect can livestock from contagious diseases

36
Q

health of animals regulations

A 
disease control, quarantine and disposal
import and export of animals and products
transport and feeding whilst
protects animals from suffering
requires animal to be fit for transport
37
Q

PAWS act

A 
provincial
to protect animals
toughest penalties in can
more inspections
basic standard of care for all animals
38
Q

limitations to legislation

A

needs to be effective, enforceable, and economically feasable
private initiatives marketed well giving more money

39
Q

National Farm Animal Care Council

A

codes of practice development process

Animal care assessment model

40
Q

suitable pet criteria

A

no risk of harm to community/environment
adequately meet needs of species in captivity
suitable interactions w humans to ensure continued commitment

41
Q

animal characteristics to consider when picking an animal

A

breed
age
source

42
Q

adopt dont shop

A

bullshit rule not feasible for many, shortage of dogs, lots of behavioural problems etc

43
Q

common everyday companion animal welfare issues

A

behavioural needs
behaviour problems
inappropriate training methods
medically unnecessarily procedures

44
Q

positive reinforcement

A

give treat, increase behaviour

45
Q

negative reinforcement

A

remove pressure as a reward

46
Q

positive punishment

A

decease behavoiur by punishing

47
Q

negative punishment

A

remove attention - looking away from dog to stop jumping

48
Q

when is use of animals acceptable in research, tech and testing?

A
  • contributes to understanding of fundamental biological principles
  • knowledge developed reasonably expected to benefit humans/animals
  • merit review is approved
  • best effort to find alternatives have failed
49
Q

morals

A

concerned w right and wring, something is moral if it pertains to right rather than wrong

50
Q

3 R’s for animal use

A

Replacement- avoid/replace animal use
Reduction- strategies that result in fewer animals being used
Refinement- modified husbandry/experimental procedures to minimizer pain and distress/enhance welfare

51
Q

commitment to change

A

most value at 75% commitment

52
Q

4 pillars of wildlife rehab

A

wildlife rehab medicine
conservation education
new discoveries
emergency preparedness and response

53
Q

3 reasons why we come across wildlife

A
  1. sick
  2. orphan/kidnapped
  3. injured (pollution, cars)
54
Q

human-wildlife conflicts

A

pollution, vehicle, boating/fishing, persecution, habitat loss, toxicosis, hunting/trapping, sticky stuff

55
Q

animal welfare concerns in wildlife

A

husbandry, nutrition, enrichment, stress, skills/resources, pain management, chance for release?

56
Q

problems inflicted on animals during rehab

A

aspergillosis, aspiration pneumonia, illness/anorexia bc of husbandry, carpal/keel injury, feather injuries, bumble foot, thermal burns, lacerations, metabolic issues

57
Q

classifications for animals based on use

A

companion, wild, and utility animals

58
Q

utility animals

A

food, research, working, sport.
domestic animals kept for utility purpose, various roles.
emotional relations can vary and overlap

59
Q

world organization for animal health*

A

OIE

helps the need to fight animal disease at global level, responsible for improving animal health, referenced by WTO

60
Q

*OIE standards for terrestrial animals

A 
transport
slaughter
use in research and education
stray population control
working horses
production animals
61
Q

*OIE sandards for farmed fish

A

transport and slaughter

62
Q

impact of world trade organization on animal welfare

A

legally binding trade agreement to encourage free trade
products are treated equally,
a country can ban use of something and still import it

63
Q

EU animal welfare legislation

A

1999- 1st time animals were regarded as beings w feelings that can suffer and experience well-being

64
Q

*legislation that governs treatment of farm animals in canada?

65
Q

*3 laws that apply to welfare of food animals in can

A

health of animals act
meat inspection act
criminal code

66
Q

how christians view animals and importance for their religion

A

not traditionally sympathetic to animals, we have dominion over them.

67
Q

how islam view animals and importance for their religion

A

belief in 1 god, promotes kindness for living creatures, all creatures are like family to God

68
Q

how hindus view animals and importance for their religion

A

many gods, some animals considered “sacred”, used in ceremonies “holy cow”

69
Q

animal welfare issues w sacred animals

A

cows can be prevented from slaughter, some need to travel long distance to be slaughtered, may cause unneeded suffering for animal who’s best outcome is slaughter
religious states may alter wild behaviours, animals dependent on ppl food
animal sacrifices

70
Q

classical conditioning

A

like pavlov - stim paired w neutral

71
Q

operant conditioning

A

learn to behave to get rewards and avoid punishment

72
Q

5 freedoms

A
  1. freedom from hunger and thirst
  2. freedom from discomfort
  3. freedom from pain, injury and disease
  4. freedom to express normal behavoiur
  5. freedom from fear and distress
    - combines all criteria, does not include the freedom from death
73
Q

5 revisions to 5 freedoms for production animals

A
  1. good nutrition - diet to maintain health and vigour
  2. good environment - suitable housing, good air, comfy bed
  3. good health - vet care
  4. appropriate behaviour
  5. positive mental experiences
74
Q

3 criteria forming the basis of welfare definitions *

A

physical, mental, natural/behavioural

75
Q

3 elements in welfare debate *MC Q

A
  1. science - effects on animal from animal perspective
  2. ethics - human action towards animal
  3. law - result of science + ethics dictating how humans must treat animals (codes of practice
76
Q

phenomenal consciousness

A

sentience
how we understand other minds, what is it like to be someone else
refers to other aspects of consciousness

ANSC 1210 (2 decks)

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