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POSC 225 > Exam A > Flashcards

Exam A Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monarchy?

A

A government ruled by a royal family

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2
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

An elite few hold power, dictatorship

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3
Q

What is a democracy?

A

The citizens consent to be governed

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4
Q

What is a theocracy?

A

technically rule of god. Rule by religious leader or group of religious officials who interpret god’s will

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5
Q

What are 3 ways of government function?

A

1) Authoritarianism
2) Constitutionalism
3) Totalitarianism

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6
Q

Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, or Constitutionalism?

1) government is strong but checked, monopoly of political power by an individual or small group that otherwise allow people to go about their private lives as they wish
2) government controls all aspects. Rule by elite that have unlimited power
3) government is restricted. Power is distributed and limited by a system of laws that the rulers must obey

A

1) Authoritarianism
2) Totalitarianism
3) Constitutionalism

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7
Q

The fact that a democracy has no control over the next leader and a dictatorship has total control… leads to what?

A

Imperfect democracies and less strict dictators

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8
Q

What is one advantage of a more democratic government?

A

It is more flexible

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9
Q

What is wrong with a dictatorship if a crisis hits?

A

May not be flexible enough to respond in the correct way to fix the problems

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10
Q

In Pew Research political typologies…

What are the 3 Partisan anchors?

A

1) Steadfast conservatives
2) Business conservatives
3) Solid liberals

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11
Q

Describe:

1) Steadfast conservatives
2) Business conservatives
3) Solid liberals

A

1) Socially conservative populists
2) Pro-wall Street, Pro-immigrant, w/ limited gov’t
3) Liberal across the board

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12
Q

In Pew Research political typologies…

What are the 4 Less Partisan/Predictable?

A

1) Young Outsiders
2) Hard-Pressed Skeptics
3) Next Generation Left
4) Faith and Family

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13
Q

Describe Young Outsiders

A

They have conservative views on government, not social issues

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14
Q

Describe Hard-Pressed Skeptics

A

They are financially stressed and pessimistic

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15
Q

Describe Next Generation Left

A

They are young, liberal on social issues, less so on social safety net (government welfare programs etc)

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16
Q

Describe Faith and Family partisans

A

They are racially diverse and religious

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17
Q

Who are described as: young, diverse, and on the sidelines of politics?

A

Bystanders

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18
Q

____ polls are conducted at polling places to “test the water”. What is an advantage of this type of poll?

A

Exit

Advantage: already know these people voted

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19
Q

What is a straw poll?

A

A convenient sampling, a poll of those gathered

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20
Q

What poll doesn’t really care about the answers, but it just trying to get information across through the question?

A

Push poll

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21
Q

What poll type polls people who are representative of the population as a whole?

A

Representative/Scientific Polls

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22
Q

List the public opinion polls in order of trustworthiness from most trusting to least:
Push poll, exit poll, representative/scientific, and straw

A

1) represent/scientific
2) Exit
3) Straw
4) Push

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23
Q

What is a sampling error?

A

Statistical error related to size of population about the sample

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24
Q

Target population is about what?

A

Who they are trying to get information about

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25
Q

______ means giving more weight to _______________ in order to accurately represent them in the sample

A
  • Weighting

- A certain part of the population

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26
Q

In the movie, Children of Men, describe the primary theme of Security Vs Liberty Tension

A
  • To have lots of security you have to give up liberties
  • The government in the movie was similar to an authoritarian government–they didn’t have total control but they had a lot of control over the citizens
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27
Q

Liberals are pro-government action to promote what?

Example?

A
  • Equality

- Example: More spending on public housing and affirmative action programs

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28
Q

Liberals are anti-government action that do what?

Example?

A
  • Restrict individual liberties

- Example: Banning flag-burning or sexually explicit movies

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29
Q

What are the 4 political ideologies (thing about 4 square box)

A

1) Liberals
2) Populists
3) Libertarians
4) Conservatives

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30
Q

Liberals combine what 2 sides?

A

Equality and Liberty

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31
Q

Populists combine what 2 sides?

A

Equality and order

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32
Q

Populists are pro-government actions to promote what?

Examples?

A
  • Equality

- Examples: Minimum wage laws and health care programs

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33
Q

Populists are also pro- government actions that do what?

Examples?

A

Impose social order

-Examples: Banning flag-burning or sexually explicit movies

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34
Q

Libertarians combine what 2 sides?

A

Liberty and freedom

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35
Q

Libertarians are Anti- government actions that interfere with what?
Examples?

A
  • The market

- Examples: affirmative action or socialized medicine

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36
Q

Libertarians are also Anti- government actions that restrict what?
Examples?

A
  • Individual liberties

- Examples: Censorship or anti-gay laws

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37
Q

Conservatives combine what 2 sides?

A

Order and freedom

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38
Q

Conservatives are Anti-Government actions that interfere with what?
Examples?

A
  • The Market

- Examples: Affirmative action or socialized medicine

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39
Q

Conservatives are Pro- Government actions that do what?

Examples?

A
  • Impose social order

- Examples: bans on pornography, flag-burning, same-sex marriages

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40
Q

What war tapped out the British treasury? What did it lead to?

A
  • 7 years war

- Taxes on the colonies

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41
Q

Which act was the final straw in a series of unpopular taxes imposed?

A

Tea act

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42
Q

Which act caused Britain repeal to the stamp act and lessen the sugar act?

A

The Declaratory act

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43
Q

What was the Coersive act?

A

4 acts established by Britain government in response to the Boston Tea Party

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44
Q

What did Locke believe in?

A

Natural, inherent rights must be protected, including property

45
Q

Who talked about separation of powers?

A

Montesquieu

46
Q

What did Hobbes say?

A

The “ability to govern lies in ourself”, this was radical thinking

47
Q

Who was skeptical of ability to balance between freedom and liberty and said we need _______ to create the balance

A
  • Rousseau

- Structure

48
Q

Liberalism said ______ opinions have protection from _______

A
  • Minority

- Majority

49
Q

The Articles of Confederation was a league of independent states with what?

A

Sovereignty

50
Q

What type if congress was created under the Articles of Confederation?

A

Unicameral

51
Q

Did the Articles of Confederation have an executive?

A

NAH MAN

52
Q

Under the Articles there was _____ in office to avoid entrenched elite

A

Rotation

53
Q

To consent for changes to articles, what was needed?

A

A unanimous vote

54
Q

Under the articles, how many votes were needed for decisions other than changes to the articles?

A

9

55
Q

What was the primary reason the articles of confederation failed?

A

There was no centralized power
No way to defend
No national defense

56
Q

The fact that there was no _____ or regulation of ____ ______ under the articles lead to confusing rules and regulation

A
  • Taxes

- Interstate commerce

57
Q

Under the articles… what did the army consist of? What issues did this lead to?

A
  • State militias

- They were not able to defend all

58
Q

Describe Shays Rebellion

A

Daniel Shay was a revolutionary war hero who was not paid for his service, went to Massachusetts to farm and couldn’t pay his debts to the state. Started an armed uprising in MA with farmers and MA needed help but no one would help since they were expected to do it alone.

59
Q

When coming up with the constitution, how did the founders address the issue of representation?

A

-VA plan = representation based on population
vs.
-NJ plan = representation equal for all
- Came up with: Connecticut Compromise = created the bicameral congress

60
Q

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

1) Who was interested in strong national government?
2) Who was interested in frequent elections w/ more direct democracy
3) Who wanted representation to keep citizens close
4) Who had a fear of the majority?
5) Who wanted a TIGHTLY restricted national government?
6) Who wanted a GENERALLY restricted national government
7) Who was concerned about elites in power?

A

1) Federalists
2) Anti
3) Anti
4) Federalists
5) Anti
6) Federalists
7) Anti

61
Q

Missions of the constitution:

1) Establish _________
2) Insure ______ _______
3) Provide for _______ ________
4) Promote general _______
5) Secure ________

A

1) Justice
2) Domestic tranquility
3) Common defense
4) Welfare
5) Liberty

62
Q

Who can impeach judicial and executive branch officials?

A

The Senate

63
Q

What branch has the authority to declare war/ make wars?

A

Congress

64
Q

Who has the power to create treaties?

A

DA PREZ

65
Q

Amendment proposal of constitutionhas 2 options: _________ or ________

A

Congress or convention

66
Q

Ratification of constitution has 2 options:

_________ or __________

A

State legislatures or state ratifying conventions

67
Q

The constitution provides restrictions on government power, in respect of individual citizens, through what?

A

The Bill of Rights

68
Q

Define federalism

A

The power of the national government is limited by granting state governments their own legal and political power

69
Q

What are 2 ways amending the constitution can be PROPOSED?

A

1) Congress: ⅔ of the members of each must vote for it

2) Constitutional convention: requested by ¾ of the states

70
Q

What are 2 ways proposed constitutional amendments can be RATIFIED?

A

1) By ¾ of state legislature

2) By constitutional conventions held in ¾ of the states

71
Q

In congress…

____ ____ provide leadership to their caucuses

A

Political parties

72
Q

The HOUSE is done by population, and is redone ever ___ years

A

10

73
Q

Their is 1 house representative per _____, how many representatives are in the house?

A
  • District

- 435

74
Q

In the HOUSE, there are election for all seats every ___ years

A

2

75
Q

What is a key unique power of the house of representatives?

A

Starting tax legislation

76
Q

In the senate…

Electoral staggered for __ year terms

A

6

77
Q

What fraction of the senate is elected every 2 years?

A

1/3

78
Q

What is are 2 key unique powers of the senate?

A

1) Impeachments

2) Treaties

79
Q

Why did the writers of the constitution make a commander in chief?

A

To act as a check on congress, so congress can declare war but the president is the commander. Shay’s rebellion is an example of why they needed this.

80
Q

What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison?

A

The Supreme Court announced for the first time that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is unconstitutional… JUDICIAL REVIEW

81
Q

What is the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

A

Congress can pass laws they deem necessary and proper

82
Q

What clause states federal laws and constitution take precedence over state and local laws?

A

Supremacy clause

83
Q

Describe the electoral college?

A

Population votes for electors who go with a candidate, electors then cast their vote, states then either count electoral votes or give all votes to majority

84
Q

How many electoral votes does a candidate need to get in order to win?????

A

270

85
Q

What are the 7 enumerated powers of President?

A
  • commander in chief
  • makes appointments
  • pardons crimes
  • state of the union address
  • convenes congress
  • greets ambassadors
  • runs/enforces laws made by congress
86
Q

What are the 3 enumerated powers of the VA governor?

A
  • commander and chief of armed forces
  • conducts business with foreign states
  • power to fill vacancies
87
Q

What did the War Powers Act do?

A

Defines how president can send troops to battle

88
Q

Which act allows president to invoke emergency powers to circumvent existing laws?

A

National Emergency Act

89
Q

What did the American Antiquities Act?

A

President may declare national monuments

90
Q

What are 3 implied power of the prez?

A
  • executive orders to administrative agencies
  • signing statements when signing statutory laws
  • ability to withhold information
91
Q

Who nominates supreme court justices and who confirms them?

A

President nominates

Senate confirms

92
Q

Original jurisdiction happens….

A

If a case goes directly to the supreme court

93
Q

Trial or Appellate court?

1) Where cases are heard for the first time
2) A party can appeal, asking a higher court to review the decision
3) The outcome has the potential to affect large numbers of people
4) Cases only affect the people involved
5) Existing evidence is reviewed, no new evidence is submitted

A

1) Trial
2) Appellate
3) Appellate
4) Trial
5) Appellate

94
Q

Federal courts cover cases regarding…

A
  • constitution,
  • laws made by Congress and Executive,
  • conflicts between two or more states and their citizens
  • ambassadors, treaties, foreign relations
  • Maritime Law
95
Q

Which are in trial courts and which are in appellate courts?

1) Plaintiff and defendant
2) Petitioner and respondent

A

1) Trial

2) Appellate

96
Q

When a case is moving through SCOTUS, what is the rule of 4?

A

4 justices decide they want to hear the case

97
Q

Judicial activism?

A

Justices can and should interpret the constitution based on needs of society when legislatures fail to do so

98
Q

Judicial restraint?

A

Justices should not engage in the interpretation and should instead defer to the decisions of elected legislatures

99
Q

Primary checks Congress has on the presidency (4)

A

1) Senate ratifies treaties
2) Can overturn a veto w/ 2/3 vote
3) Can reject proposed treaties and federal officials nominations
4) Can impeach the president

100
Q

Primary checks congress has on the judiciary (3)

A

1) Can create lower courts
2) Can amend the constitution to overturn a decision of the court
3) Can impeach judges

101
Q

Primary checks the presidency has on congress (5)

A

1) Commander in chief
2) Cabinet nominations
3) Power to veto laws
4) Submits federal budget
5) Proposes treaties

102
Q

Primary checks the presidency has on the judiciary (3)

A

1) Pardon crimes
2) Nominate judges
3) Power to grant amnesty

103
Q

Primary checks the judiciary has on congress (1)

A

1) Declare laws unconstitutional through judicial review

104
Q

Primary checks the judiciary has on the presidency (1)

A

1) Can rule presidential actions and treaties unconstitutional through judicial review

105
Q

Which amendments primarily limit…

1) Congress
2) Executive
3) judicial

A

1) 1st
2) 2nd-4th
3) 5th-8th

106
Q

What is one example of federalism in the US that is creating conflict or tension over an issue?

A

Legalization of marijuana

107
Q

What is selective incorporation?

A

The gradual protection of citizens by the federal government actions from state government actions. The bill of rights only applied to the national government and it was only over time that it protected people from state governments

108
Q

What is an example of selective incorporation?

A

In regard to the right to bear arms, it was a right in the constitution that citizens had this right, but states could still restrict that right in their state, until 2010 when the government issued selective incorporation saying the states could not take away this right

109
Q

Caucus vs. Primary

A

Caucus: a huge meeting where candidates have representatives and voters trying to convince people of the candidates views, then people either write their vote on a piece of paper (republican) or go into a corner (democrat) to have their vote counted
Primary: Same as election

POSC 225 (3 decks)

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