Exam Flashcards
A risk assessment reduces the chances of injuries/accidents occurring by doing what?
- Checking for hazards e.g hole or glass on football pitch
- Reducing risk of hazards e.g fill hole or remove glass or use another pitch
- Assessing level of hazards e.g is risk low/medium/high
What are the intrinsic factors which can influence the risk of injury?
- Individual variables (flexibility, nutrition, sleep, age, gender)
- Psychological factors (anxiety, concentration, motivation, aggression)
- Previous injuries
- Physical preparation (training, warm up, cool down)
- Experience
- Ability
Give examples of coaching, extrinsic factors which can increase the risk of injury?
COACHING
- poor coaching e.g coach showing performer wrong technique
- poor communication e.g coach unable to explain how to tackle correctly
- poor knowledge of rules e.g coach not knowing two footed tackle rule in football
What are the physical benefits of a warm up?
- Raise body & muscle temperature
- Increase heart rate
- Increase blood flow
- Increase flexibility of muscles and joints
- Increase flexibility of ligaments and tendons
Name one cause and one treatment for BLISTERS? Give an example.
Cause: rubbing
Treatment: plaster, rest, cream
Sporting example: wearing a new pair of boots
What does each letter stand for in the SALTAPS on-field assessment routine?
S-SEE A-ASK L-LOOK T-TOUCH A-ACTIVE MOVEMENT P-PASSIVE MOVEMENT S-STRENGTH
Name one cause and one treatment for MUSCLE CRAMP? Give an example.
Cause: overuse of muscles, dehydration, poor blood supply to muscles
Treatment: stretching, massage, medication
Sporting example: long distance runner
Give a symptom and a treatment for a CONCUSSION and identify if the injury is acute or chronic? Give an example
Symptoms: headache, dizziness, unconscious, memory loss, vomiting
Treatment: Rest or ice, emergency medical help
Injury type: Acute
Sporting example: Clash of heads in football
SALTAPS is an on field __________ routine
Assessment
What are the common symptoms and treatment for diabetes?
SYMPTOMS
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness
- Extreme tiredness
- Pale skin
TREATMENT
- Give them sugar/sweets
- Insulin (type 1)
- Glucose tablet/gel (type 2)
- Call 999
What are the common symptoms and treatment of asthma?
SYMPTOMS
- Wheezing
- Coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Pale skin
- Blue lips
TREATMENT
- Inhaler
- Sit them up
- Keep them calm
- 999 if severe attack
What are the extrinsic factors which can influence the risk of injury?
- Environmental factors (weather, temperature, facilities)
- Coaching
- Equipment
- Type of activity-contact or non contact
- Safety hazards-risk assessment/safety checks/emergency action plan
What are the physical benefits of a cool down?
- Helps the body return to a resting state.
- Lowers heart rate
- Lowers breathing rate
- Continues to circulate blood/oxygen around the body
- Remove waste products (lactic acid)
- Lower body temperature
- Reduce risk of muscle stiffness
What are the sports injuries related to poor posture?
- Pelvic tilt
- Lordosis
- Kyphosis
- Round shoulder
- Scoliosis
Give a symptom and a treatment for an OPEN FRACTURE and identify if the injury is acute or chronic? Give an example
Symptoms: bone sticking out, bleeding, swelling
Treatment: bandage, cast, emergency medical help, surgery
Injury type: Acute
Sporting example: high kick to leg in football
Describe the role of ‘emergency personnel’ within your Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?
- First aider/coach
- Keep calm
E.g coach reassuring performer
Describe the spine injury Lordosis?
Inner curvature of lower spin. Causes bum to stick out
Hypoglycaemia is ___ blood sugar?
Low (treatment = sugary drink/glucose gel)
Give a symptom and a treatment for SHIN SPLINTS and identify if the injury is acute or chronic? Give an example
Symptoms: swelling (in shins), ache/hurt, tenderness
Treatment: RICE
Injury type: Chronic
Sporting example: professional football player
Describe the spine injury Kyphosis?
Outward curvature of upper spine. Causes rounded shoulders.
Give a symptom and a treatment for a SPRAINED ANKLE and identify if the injury is acute or chronic?
Symptoms: swelling/bruising, inflammation, loss of movement
Treatment: RICE
Injury type: Acute
What are the 3 components of a cool down?
- Pulse lowering activity
- Stretching (static)
- Feedback/review performance
Give examples of environmental, extrinsic factors which can increase the risk of injury?
TEMPERATURE 1. too hot = sunstroke/dehydration 2. too cold = hypothermia WEATHER 3. too wet/slippy = falling injuries 4. poor visibility = collisions more likely FACILITIES 5. space available = is there enough space for the number of participants
What are the three components of an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?
- Emergency Personnel
- Emergency Communication
- Emergency Equipment
Giving an example, describe a piece of performance equipment?
A piece of equipment that is needed to play a particular sport e.g hockey stick or football
What are the symptoms and treatment for epilepsy?
SYMPTOMS
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness
- Fitting/seizures
- Lips smacking/foaming at the mouth
TREATMENT
- Make the area safe
- Pillow under head
- Don’t restrain them
- Recovery position AFTER fit
- Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
Give examples of equipment, extrinsic factors which can increase risk of injury?
EQUIPMENT
- Incorrect use of equipment e.g hockey player hitting opponent with stick
- Not wearing protective equipment e.g broken leg not wearing shin pads
- Damaged equipment e.g faulty climbing harness causes performer to fall from height
- Incorrect footwear e.g not wearing football boots with studs on wet grass pitch
- Incorrect clothing e.g wearing baggy clothing in fitness suite could catch on equipment
Giving an example, describe a piece of protective equipment?
A piece of equipment that you are required to wear/use to reduce injury e.g shin pads in football or gum shield in rugby, helmet in cricket
Giving examples, describe the psychological benefits of a warm up?
- Control arousal levels e.g performer does not make poor tackles and gets sent off
- Increase motivation/drive e.g performer will not pull out of tackles
- Increase reaction time e.g tackles are well timed
- Increase confidence e.g performer won’t think about getting hurt in a tackle
- Mental rehearsal e.g performer visualises themselves scoring a free kick
Describe the role of emergency equipment in your Emergency Action Plan (EAP)? Give an example
- First aid kits
- Use of inhaler
- Blankets to keep performer warm while waiting for ambulance
E.g coaching encouraging performer to use inhaler for asthma attack
What are the factors affecting warm ups/cool downs of a group?
- Size
- Age
- Individual fitness levels
- Medical conditions
- Experience
- Facilities/equipment
- Environmental factors
What are the five components of a warm up?
- Pulse raiser-slowly increasing heart rate e.g jogging
- Mobility-exercises that take joints through full range of movement e.g arm swings/hip circles
- Dynamic movement-change of speed & direction e.g zig zag running
- Stretching
- Skill Rehearsal-common movement patterns and skills e.g dribbling, passing, shooting
What are the causes of poor posture? Give examples
- Poor stance (hunching shoulders when stood up)
- Poor sitting position (slouching on sofa rather than sitting upright)
- Poor sleeping position (can cause spine injury)
Lack of exercise (lack of core muscle strength) - Lack of sleep/fatigue (tired muscles = lack of muscle strength)
- Clothing/footwear (wearing high heels)
- Previous injuries (muscles weaken around injured area)
Describe the role of emergency communication in your Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?
- List of telephone numbers of performers
- Call 999
- Contact parents
E.g coach using mobile phone to call 999 and parents of injured performer
Name 4 common overuse injuries?
- Tendonitis
- Tennis elbow
- Golfers elbow
- Shin splints
Describe how slings can help recovery after an injury?
- Holds the injury in place
- Relieves pain
- Prevents bumping/further injury
- Elevates injury/reduces swelling
Describe the symptoms and treatment for hypoglycaemia?
SYMPTOMS
- Low blood sugar levels
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
TREATMENT
- Sugar drink
- Glucose gel/tablet
- Blood test
- Call 999
Hyperglycaemic is ____ blood sugar levels?
High (treatment = insulin)
Describe the spine injury Scoliosis?
An ‘S’ shaped curvature of the spine. Causes one shoulder to be higher than other.
Describe the spine injury Pelvic tilt?
Where one side of the hips is higher than the other.
Describe the spine injury Round shoulder?
Forward curve of the neck. Causes hunching of the shoulders forward.
