Exam

Question 1

L12 In relation to the Disease Causation and the ability of a pathogen to cause a disease in an animal, which answer is FALSE. Select one (1) answer only:

a. Appropriate nutrition will improve body condition and support good immunity
b. The number of pathogenic organisms the animal is exposed to, will have no effect on the ability of the animal to resist or manage the infection
c. Appropriate environmental conditions can facilitate the growth and transmission of many pathogens
d. The age of an animal can have an effect on the susceptibility of the animal to an organism to cause a disease
e. The ability of an organism to survive outside the host will influence the way the disease is controlled

Answer 1

The number of pathogenic organisms the animal is exposed to, will have no effect on the ability of the animal to resist or manage the infection

Question 2

L12 With reference to the epidemiological triangle in Disease Causation – which of the following statement is True? Select one (1) answer only. The Epidemiological Triangle is the interaction between:

a. The environment, vaccination and the host
b. The host, the pathogen and vaccination
c. The environment, the host and the pathogen
d. The pathogen, the environment and vaccination
e. The pathogen, vaccination and Body condition

Answer 2

The environment, the host and the pathogen

Question 3

L12 In relation to Transmissible and Non-transmissible (between animals) diseases, which of the following statements is True? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Poisonous plant toxicity is transmissible
b. Lameness in cattle is usually predisposed by injury with secondary bacterial invasion
c. All bacteria cause disease by infecting the animal and releasing toxins into the body
d. Respiratory diseases and conditions are always transmissible

Answer 3

Lameness in cattle is usually predisposed by injury with secondary bacterial invasion

Question 4

L14 One Health is an approach that recognizes that the health of people is closely connected to; Please indicate which answer is MOST correct? Select one (1) answer only:

a. the health of native and domestic animals
b. the health of the shared environment and domestic animals
c. the health of animals and our shared environment
d. the health of domestic animals and vaccination rate
e. The health of native forests and domestic animals

Answer 4

the health of animals and our shared environment

Question 5

L14 Examples of recently emerging human viral diseases, include; Which answer is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Avian Influenza
b. Swine Influenza
c. Brucellosis in cattle
d. Hendra Virus
e. Covid 19

Answer 5

Brucellosis in cattle

Question 6

L14 Examples of zoonotic diseases, include; Which answer is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Tuberculosis (Bovine)
b. Brucellosis (Bovine)
c. Q Fever
d. Leptospirosis (Bovine)
e. Tick fever (Babesiosis in cattle)

Answer 6

Tick fever (babesiosis in cattle)

Question 7

L15 Body Condition Scoring in cattle in Australia, uses a number method of condition scoring: Which answer is TRUE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Score of 12 is too thin
b. Score of 0 is over fat
c. Ideal score is 8
d. Score of 1 is too thin
e. Score of 12 is too thin

Answer 7

Score of 1 is too thin

Question 8

L15 Poor cow comfort (heat stress, lameness, poor bedding etc) in dairy cattle, can result in; Which answer FALSE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Lack of food intake
b. Excess periods of laying down
c. Increased risk of rumen acidosis
d. Excess periods of standing
e. Lack of rumination

Answer 8

Excess periods of laying down

Question 9

L16 Regular herd (health) monitoring programs in intensive beef cattle systems, includes; Which answer is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only

a. Testing the whole herd for all zoonotic diseases
b. Regular observation of animals
c. Body condition scoring
d. Observing animals breathing and assessing panting rate in hot conditions
e. Assessing feed, water and shade availability

Answer 9

Testing the whole herd for all zoonotic diseases

Question 10

L16 Regular health monitoring programs in intensive pig and poultry systems, includes; Which answer is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only

a. Ensure appropriate cleaning and disinfection is implemented
b. Every farm must vaccinate for all possible diseases
c. Ensure staff are suitably trained in observation and animal handling
d. Examinations of carcasses in the abattoirs for pathology
e. Laboratory testing of any pathology found

Answer 10

Every farm must vaccinate for all possible diseases

Question 11

L17 In relation to high stress levels and poor welfare influencing productivity in the dairy industry, which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only

a. Heat stress will improve voluntary feed intake and production
b. Uncomfortable bedding will increase cow standing time
c. Lack of water availability will reduce voluntary feed intake and production
d. Moving animals too quickly may result in increased lameness and lower productivity
e. Any pain will result in lower production and poor preproduction

Answer 11

Heat stress will improve voluntary feed intake and production

Question 12

L17 In relation to measuring high stress levels and poor welfare in the dairy industry, which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only

a. High per cow milk production (and high productivity) can be used as an indicator of low stress and good welfare in the herd
b. The number of cows panting can be used as a measure of heat stress and cow comfort in the herd
c. The number of cows laying down can be used as a measure of cow comfort in the herd
d. The number of cows ruminating is not related to levels of cow comfort in a herd
e. The percentage of cows in the target body condition score range for their stage of lactation, is an indicator of low stress and good welfare in the herd

Answer 12

The number of cows ruminating is not related to levels of cow comfort in a herd

Question 13

L18 In relation to an Australian abattoir’s responsibility for the oversight of animal welfare and compliance with standards, which of the statements below is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. Export Abattoirs must comply to Federal Government welfare and other guidelines, to maintain their export license
b. Domestic abattoirs are usually audited strictly by their customers, especially Australian supermarkets
c. Export abattoirs are audited by the countries and companies they export to
d. Domestic abattoirs are usually audited strictly by the export customers of registered export abattoirs
e. Export abattoirs must report welfare issues to state authorities

Answer 13

Domestic abattoirs are usually audited strictly by the export customers of registered export abattoirs

Question 14

L18 In relation to industry image, which of the statements below is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only

a. International trade barriers may be implemented to restrict Australian exports, by countries for political reasons, wanting to influence the trade of another commodity
b. The reputation of a particular livestock or racing industry in Australia, may be severely damaged by dramatic stories being published in the media in Australia
c. The reputation and trading ability of a particular livestock industry in Australia, may be severely influenced by dramatic stories of poor Australian animal welfare practice published in the international media
d. In relation to animal product exports, industries and governments need not be proactive or ahead of the game, as Australian livestock industries are rarely under scrutiny internationally

Answer 14

In relation to animal product exports, industries and governments need not be proactive or ahead of the game, as Australian livestock industries are rarely under scrutiny internationally

Question 15

L19 With reference to the National Livestock Identification Scheme (NLIS), and the National Vendor Declaration (NVD) program, which of the statements below is TRUE? Select one (1) answer only:

a. NLIS is to ensure all producers can identify their cattle for on-farm management use only
b. NVD is to ensure that animal movements are legal, recorded and appropriate, and the NLIS database must be updated with every new movement, to remain current
c. NLIS is for identification in cattle markets only
d. NVD is mainly used to ensure cattle are spelled during transit
e. NVD information regarding change of cattle location and ownership, is never recorded

Answer 15

NVD is to ensure that animal movements are legal, recorded and appropriate, and the NLIS database must be updated with every new movement, to remain current

Question 16

L19 With reference to Animal Welfare requirements of the Meat and Livestock Australia’s (MLA) Livestock Production Assurance program (LPA), and the three main requirements that livestock owners are required to meet, to ensure appropriate handling of livestock is achieved, which of the statements below is TRUE (Best represents the LPA definition Select one (1) answer only. (PIC = Person in Charge, Guidelines = current copy of Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines)

a. Have a cattle handling plan, PIC is trained on the guidelines and staff are familiar with guidelines
b. Have copy of relevant Guidelines, PIC has drought management training, and staff are familiar with guidelines
c. Have copy of relevant Guidelines, PIC is trained on the guidelines and staff are trained in drought management
d. Have copy of relevant Guidelines, PIC is trained on the guidelines and staff are familiar with guidelines
e. Have copy of relevant Guidelines, PIC is a veterinarian and staff are familiar with guidelines

Answer 16

Have copy of relevant Guidelines, PIC is trained on the guidelines and staff are familiar with guidelines

Question 17

L20 Native Australian Animals have specific characteristic that are quite different from most commercial Australian (introduced) livestock. Which of the statements below is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only.

a. Most Australian wild native animals exert a small amount of pressure per cm2 on the ground through their feet when moving, causing very little soil damage
b. Most Australian wild native animals have soft faeces that is easily incorporated into the soil by native dung beetles
c. Most Australian native animals had few natural predators, before colonisation
d. Most commercial Australian (introduced) livestock exert a large amount of pressure per cm2 on the ground through their feet when moving, causing soil damage
e. Some Australian wild native animal populations have increased in size since colonisation

Answer 17

Most Australian wild native animals have soft faeces that is easily incorporated into the soil by native dung beetles

Question 18

L21 In relation to the toxicity of 1080 poison, commonly used in baits to control feral animals, which of the statements below is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only.

a. Most Australian wildlife species are very susceptible 1080
b. Humans require a very high dose to be affected by 1080
c. Domestic dogs are very susceptible to 1080
d. Feral pigs are very susceptible to 1080
e. Wild dogs are very susceptible to 1080

Answer 18

Most Australian wildlife species are very susceptible 1080

Question 19

L21 In relation to a possible future Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) incursion into Australia, which of the following animals is NOT capable of acting as a reservoir and transmitting this disease? Select one (1) answer only

a. Wild cattle
b. Wild buffalo
c. Wild goats
d. Wild pigs
e. Wild horses

Answer 19

Wild horses (only clover hooved animals are susceptible)

Question 20

L24 In Australia, there are many crises that can disrupt an animal production system, and often result in poor welfare outcomes, and common examples include; which of the examples below is FALSE? Select one (1) answer only.

a. Drought, resulting in heat stress, lack of feed and water for stock
b. Floods, resulting in animals being stranded, washed away, drowned, bogged and suffering from parasites and disease
c. Fires, resulting in animals being killed, with survivors suffering burns and lack of feed and water
d. Change in Government, resulting in poorer emphasis on new international market development
e. Sudden change in owner/manager circumstances on a farm, (eg illness, bankruptcy) and being unable to monitor, feed, water and manage stock

Answer 20

Change in Government, resulting in poorer emphasis on new international market development

Question 21

In relation to the specific five domains (or provisions) statements, that have been developed, specifically to assess the appropriate welfare conditions of animal management systems, which answer contains the most correct descriptions of three of the five domain headings?

Select one:

a. Good nutrition, Good environment, Appropriate behaviour
b. Good environment, Enough Water, Positive mental experiences
c. Veterinary care, appropriate behaviour, Positive mental experiences
d. Appropriate behaviour, Enough shelter, Good nutrition
e. Positive mental experiences, Good environment, Protection from Predators

Answer 21

Good nutrition, Good environment, Appropriate behaviour

Question 22

Animals have feelings. Is this statement correct or incorrect?

Select one:

a. Correct
b. Incorrect

Answer 22

Correct

Question 23

As professional farmer advisers, when discussing animal welfare with farmers and farming industries, it is important for you to: Which of the following answers is more appropriate?

Select one:

a. Highlight only what the farmer is doing wrong
b. Highlight scientific reasons for possible welfare-improving management practices
c. Highlight only the public’s perception of the welfare issues
d. Plead with the farmer too change their practices
e. Do not discuss a science-based change management planning with industry organisations

Answer 23

Highlight scientific reasons for possible welfare-improving management practices

Question 24

In relation to export of meat products from Australia, the Commonwealth of Australia Government has developed export standards and requirements, having Federal Government veterinary inspectors on-site in each export abattoir to ensure standards are implemented.

The role of the Government veterinary inspectors at export abattoirs is to ensure export standards are adhered to, in relation to; which of the following answers is more correct?

Select one:

a. Product integrity, food safety and product colour
b. Food quality, food safety and product taste
c. Animal welfare, product integrity and export company history
d. Product integrity, farm cleanliness and food safety
e. Product integrity, food quality and animal welfare

Answer 24

Product integrity, food quality and animal welfare

Question 25

The behaviour of individual animals, depends on many things, including; which of the following answers is more correct.

a. Degree of learning and conditioning, age, gender, and day length
b. Evolution of that species, if it can fly, age, gender
c. Flight zone, degree of domestication, size at weaning, age, and gender
d. Habitat/environment, day length, age, gender, and flight zone
e. Prey or predator, age, gender, flight zone, and degree of domestication

Answer 25

Prey or predator, age, gender, flight zone, and degree of domestication

Question 26

In relation to livestock behaviour, there is DOMESTICATION and LEARNED BEHAVIOUR. Which of the following answers is correct?

Select one:

a. Domestication happens in an animal’s lifetime, and Learned behaviour spans many generations
b. Domestication always results in negative behaviour
c. Learned behaviour happens in an animal’s lifetime, while domestication spans many generations
d. Learned behaviour is always positive
e. It is impossible to train an adult animal that has poor behaviour

Answer 26

Learned behaviour happens in an animal’s lifetime, while domestication spans many generations

Question 27

The development of an animal from birth, and goes through a number of periods. Which order of these periods below is correct?

Select one:

a. Neonatal, socialisation, transition, juvenile, adulthood
b. Neonatal, transition, juvenile, socialisation, adulthood
c. Neonatal, transition, socialisation, juvenile, adulthood
d. Neonatal, juvenile, transition, socialisation, adulthood
e. Neonatal, juvenile, socialisation, transition, adulthood

Answer 27

Neonatal, transition, socialisation, juvenile, adulthood

Question 28

With reference to horses’ behaviour, which answer best describe the horses’ behaviour and reasons for this behaviour?

Select one:

a. Horses are predatory animals and show aggression to people as a result
b. Horses show marked fight/flight response as their ancestors were prey animals
c. Horses are omnivorous, therefore fight with other animals over food
d. Horses are not herd animals, therefore do not like to be with other horses
e. Horses are naturally docile as their ancestors were not prey animals

Answer 28

Horses show marked fight/flight response as their ancestors were prey animals

Question 29

When assessing the degree of calmness or fear in cattle, which of the following statements is correct?
Select one:
a. Cattle will only stand when they are fearful
b. Cattle will only ruminate when they are calm
c. Cattle will always run away when fearful and upset
d. Cattle cannot ruminate when they are standing

Answer 29

Cattle will only ruminate when they are calm

Question 30

On a freshwater fish farm, the fish are beginning to get sick. The changes in the fish behaviour that the farmer would notice, are outlined below. Which of the statements is incorrect?

Select one:

a. Fish that normally swim deeper, swim near the surface
b. The fish show increased feeding activity
c. Some fish may die and float
d. Fish gather near the pond edge
e. Fish gather near the aerators

Answer 30

The fish show increased feeding activity

Question 31

With regard to poultry (chickens) their greatest protection from predators is; Which statement below is incorrect?
Select one:
Their eyesight to detect predators and communicate with each other
Their sense of smell to detect predators
Their ability to roost above the ground
Their ability to warn each other by vocalising to the presence of predators
Their ability to take to flight

Answer 31

Their sense of smell to detect predators

Question 32

There are a number of previously (and currently) accepted animal management practices in the beef industry, that have come under public scrutiny from a welfare perspective. These include; Which of the statements below is false?

Select one:

a. Non supervised mating in beef cattle
b. Hot iron branding
c. Dehorning adult animals using no pain relief
d. Calving induction
e. Tail docking (cutting)

Answer 32

Non supervised mating in beef cattle

Question 33

Local councils (Local Government) have the responsibility to manage animals at the local level. Councils are able to develop and enforce by-laws (local laws) that; Which of the statements below is untrue?

Select one:

a. Enforce the number and types of animals kept by individual households
b. All dogs and cats are registered with the council
c. That dogs be restrained (eg a collar and lead) when in public
d. The capture and impounding of stray animals
e. The protection of dangerous and feral animals

Answer 33

The protection of dangerous and feral animals

Question 34

The Federal Australian Government influences animal welfare standards in Australia, through; Which of the statements below is untrue?

Select one:

a. Overseeing welfare related to animal product export controls
b. Developing a National Animal Welfare Strategy
c. Implementing animal welfare laws
d. Developing Codes of Practice for Animal Welfare
e. Developing Standards and Guidelines for Animal Welfare

Answer 34

Implementing animal welfare laws

Question 35

The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems (NS) In relation to this division, which of the following statements is untrue?

Select one:
a.

The parasympathetic NS is responsible for Fight and Flight

b. Chronic stress stimulates the sympathetic NS continuously and is harmful to health
c. The sympathetic NS is responsible for Fight and Flight
d. The parasympathetic NS is responsible for Rest and Digest
e. Some acute stress is necessary and can be beneficial

Answer 35

The parasympathetic NS is responsible for Fight and Flight

Question 36

According to the National Standards and Guidelines (eg for cattle, sheep, livestock transport), or the National Model Codes of Practice (eg for poultry and pigs); What is the average water requirement (litres/day) for a 90kg grower pig. Which of the statements below is true?

Select one:

a. 7 - 9
b. 9 - 12
c. 12 - 15
d. 15 -18
e. 18 - 21

Answer 36

9 - 12

Question 37

According to the National Standards and Guidelines (eg for cattle, sheep, livestock transport), or the National Model Codes of Practice (eg for poultry and pigs); In housed poultry systems, ventilation needs to increase, if ammonia can be detected by smell. Ammonia can be detected by smell above a which level (in parts per million or ppm) Which of the statements below is true?

Select one:
a.
1 – 1.5
b.
1.5 – 5
c.
5 - 10
d.
10 – 15 
e.
15 - 20

Answer 37

10 – 15

Question 38

When an animal’s mental state is impacted by chronic stress, outcomes can include; Which of the statements below is untrue?

Select one:

a. Negative repetitive behaviour
b. Faster growth rates in calves
c. Higher rates of anxiety and withdrawal
d. Piglets responding poorly to lack of environmental enrichment and tail biting
e. Increased disease susceptibility

Answer 38

Faster growth rates in calves

Question 39

Excessive chronic stress in cattle may lead to many outcomes, including; Which of the statements below is untrue?

Select one:

a. Reduced milk production
b. Improved food conversion efficiency
c. low reproduction rates
d. Increased pre-weaning mortalities

Answer 39

Improved food conversion efficiency

Question 40

The welfare issues that have been raised against the use of battery cages for housing egg laying chickens, include, that in battery cages; Which of the statements below is untrue?

Select one:

a. Chickens cannot move around freely
b. Chickens cannot stretch their wings
c. Chickens cannot flap their wings
d. Chickens have higher rates of disease and parasites
e. Chickens cannot perch

Answer 40

Chickens have higher rates of disease and parasites