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Bio Lecture Final > Exam #8 > Flashcards

Exam #8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

  • Proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone
  • proteins, ATP and DNA
  • ATP, RNA, and DNA
A

ATP, RNA, and DNA

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2
Q

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’ AGT 3’. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

  • 3’ ACU 5’
  • 3’ UCA 5’
  • 3’ UGA 5’
A

3’ UCA 5’

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3
Q

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

  • DNA was the first genetic material
  • A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organisms.
  • All organisms have experienced convergent evolution
A

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

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4
Q

Which of the following provided some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?

  • DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA
  • DNA polymerases has proofreading function
  • RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template
A

DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.

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5
Q

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?

  • A poly- A tail is added to the 3’ end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5’ end
  • mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed
  • RNA polymerase requires a primer to elongate the molecule
A

A poly - A tail is added to the 3’ end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5’ end.

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6
Q

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a glob in protein?

  • RNA polymerase II
  • ligase
  • Primase
A

RNA polymerase II

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7
Q

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

  • ribosomes and tRNA
  • several transcription factors
  • amino acid- tRNA synthetase
  • aminoacyl- tRNA synthetase
A

Several transcription factors

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8
Q

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate ?

  • The sequence does not mutate
  • Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.
  • The sequence is transcribed at the start of every gene
A

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.

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9
Q

In order for a eukaryotic gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony to be expressed, what must be included in addition to the coding exo said of the genes?

  • eukaryotic rRNAs
  • a bacterial promoter sequence
  • the introns
A

A bacterial promoter sequence

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10
Q

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

  • 3’ to 5’ along the no template strand
  • 3’ to 5’ along the template strand
  • 5’ to 3’ along whichever strand it’s on
A

3’ to 5’ along the template strand

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11
Q

What is a ribozyme?

  • an RNA with enzymatic activity
  • an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate
  • an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication
A

An RNA with enzymatic activity

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12
Q

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

  • lipid
  • RNA
  • DNA
A

RNA

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13
Q

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

  • removal of one or more exons
  • methylation of his tones
  • removal of the 5’ cap
A

Removal of the 5’ cap

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14
Q

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ?

  • UUU
  • CCC
  • AAA
A

UUU

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15
Q

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

  • bonding of the anticodon to the codon
  • bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
  • binding of ribosomes to mRNA
A

Bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

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16
Q

The role of a metabolite that controls a repressive operon is to

  • bind to the repressor protein and activate it
  • bind to the repressor protein and inactivate it
  • increase the production of inactive repressor proteins
A

Bind to the repressor protein and activate it.

17
Q

The tryptophan operon is a repressive operon that is

  • turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium
  • turned on only when tryptophan is present in the growth medium
  • permanently turned on
A

Turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.

18
Q

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

  • inducer
  • operon
  • repressor
A

Repressor

19
Q

A lack of which molecule would result in the cell’s inability to “turn off “ gene?

  • inducer
  • Corepressor
  • operon
A

Corepressor

20
Q

Most repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor to alter its conformation?

  • promoter
  • cAMP
  • inducer
A

Inducer

21
Q

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

  • the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell
  • the cyclic AMP levels are low
  • there is more glucose in the cell than lactose
A

The cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.

22
Q

Altering patterns of gene expression would most likely serve the organism’s survival in which of the following ways?

  • allowing each gene to be expressed an equal number of times
  • allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryote’s genome
  • allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental condition
A

Allowing the organism to adjust to changers in environmental conditions

23
Q

In responses to chemical signals, prokaryotes can do which of the following ?

  • inactivate their mRNA molecules
  • turn off translation of their mRNA
  • alter the level of production of various enzymes
A

Alter the level of production in various enzymes

24
Q

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

  • be replicating nearly continuously
  • be very actively transcribed and translated
  • have turned off or slowed down the process of transaction
A

Have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription

25
Q

Genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, and Histone acetylation are all example of

  • translocation
  • epigenetic phenomena
  • genetic mutation
A

Epigenetic phenomena

26
Q

Two potential devices that eukaryotic cells use to regulate transcription are

  • DNA methylation and Histone modification
  • DNA methylation and Histone amplification
  • DNA acetylation and methylation
A

DNA methylation and Histone modification

27
Q

Steroid hormones produce their effects in cells by

  • binding to intracellular receptors and promoting transcription of specific genes
  • activating key enzymes in metabolic pathways
  • activating translocation of certain mRNAs
A

Binding to intracellular receptors and promoting transcription of specific genes

28
Q

The phenomenon in which RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double- stranded RNA is called

  • RNA obstruction
  • RNA interference
  • RNA disposal
A

RNA interference

29
Q

In a genome- wide expression study using a DNA microarray assay, each well is used to dectect the

  • location of a protein produced by a cell
  • fate of proteins produced by a cell
  • expression of specific gene by a cell
A

Expression of a specific gene by a cell

30
Q

Which one of the following techniques involved reverse transcriptase, PCR amplification, and tell electrophoresis?

  • nucleic acid hybridization
  • DNA microarray assays
  • RT- PCR
A

RT-PCR

Bio Lecture Final (5 decks)

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