Exam #10 Flashcards
Two eukaryotic proteins are identical except for one domain in each protein, and these two domains are completely difference from each other. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this difference?
- alternative splicing
- exon shuffling
- gene duplication
- random point mutations
Alternative splicing
Homeotic genes
- are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain
- encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures
- are found only in Drosophilia and other athropods
- are responsible for differentiation in muscle cells
Encode transcription factories that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures
One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that
- they are found in only animal cells
- they code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template
- their amplification is dependent on a retrovirus
- they generally move by a cut - and - paste mechanism
They code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template
Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity ?
- Histone modification
- alternative splicing
- gene duplication
- exon shuffling
Exon shuffling
Bioinformatics includes all of the following except
- developing computer- based tools for genome analysis
- using mathematical tools to make tense of biological systems
- using computer programs to align DNA sequences
- using molecular biology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube
using molecular biology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube
What is metagenomics?
- the sequence of one or two representative genes from several species
- sequencing DNA from a group of species from the same ecosystem
- genomics as applied to a species that most typifies that average phenotype of its genus
- genomics as applied to an entire phylum
sequencing DNA from a group of species from the same ecosystem
Which procedure is not required when the shotgun approach to sequencing is modified as sequencing by synthesis, in which many small fragments are sequenced simultaneously?
- PCR amplification
- cloning each fragment into a plasmid
- sequencing each fragment
- use of restriction enzymes
Cloning each fragment into a plasmid
What is proteomics?
- the study of how amino acids are ordered in a protein
- the study of the full protein set encoded by a genome
- they study of how a single gene activates many proteins
- the linkage of each gene to particular protein
The study of the full protein set encoded by a genome
What is bioinformatics ?
- the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
- a procedure that uses software to order DNA sequence in a variety of comparable ways
- a technique using 3-D images of genes to predict how and when they will be expressed
- software programs available from NIH to design and synthesize genes
The application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
Which of the following most correctly describes that whole- genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?
- genetic mapping followed immediately by sequencing
- cloning the whole genome directly, from one end to the other
- cloning fragments from many copies of an entire chromosome, sequencing the fragments, and then ordering the sequences
- cloning large genome fragments into very large vectors as YACs, followed by sequencing
cloning fragments from many copies of an entire chromosome, sequencing the fragments, and then ordering the sequences
Which of the following is a representation of accurate gene numbers?
- humans have less than 10,000 genes
- S. Cerevisiae ( yeast) have more then 21,00 genes
- C. Elegans (nematode) have exactly 5,000 genes
- Humans have about 21,000 genes
Humans have about 21,000 genes
Why might the cricket genome have 11 times as many base pairs as that of Drosophila melanogaster?
- Drosophilia are more complex organisms
- Crickets must have more no coding DNA
- The two insect species evolved in very different geologic eras.
- Crickets have higher gene density
Crickets must have more no coding DNA
The comparison between the number of human genes and those of other animal species has lead to many conclusions, including that
- The genomes of other organisms are significantly smaller than the human genome
- most human DNA consists of genes for protein, tRNA, rRNA, and miRNA
- the density of the human genome is far higher than in most other animals
- the number of proteins expressed by the human genome is far more than the number of its genes.
the number of proteins expressed by the human genome is far more than the number of its genes.
In humans, the embryonic and fetal forms of hemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than that of adults. This is due to
- identical genes that generate many copies of the ribosomes needed for fetal glob in production
- pseudogenes, which interfere with gene expression in adults
- nonidentical genes that produce different versions of globins during development.
- Histone proteins changing shape during embryonic development
nonidentical genes that produce different versions of globins during development
A multigenerational family is composed of
- multiple genes whose products must be coordinately expressed
- a highly conserved gene found in a number of different species
- the many tandem repeats such as those found in centromeres and telomeres
- genes whose sequences are very similar and that probably arose the duplication
Genes whose sequences are very similar and that probably arose the duplication
