Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 > EXAM > Flashcards

EXAM Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cell theory

A 
All organisms have cells
Come from pre-existing 
Basic function of life 
All cells have: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA + ribosomes 
Types of cells (Eukaryote, Prokaryote)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eukaryote + prokaryotes

A

Cell membrane
Cytosol
Ribosomes
Contain DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differences of prokaryotes + eukaryote

A

E- Membrane bound organelles
P- No nuclear membrane
E- Many linear chromosomes and P have one circular chromosome
E- Larger in size
P- nucleic acids
E- create a variety of intracellular environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The coordination of systems in the body is carried out by?

A

Nervous system and endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

releasing hormones. regulating body temperature.Near pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is sugar regulated by the body

A

Insulin, glucagon. rise and fall to keep blood sugar in a normal range.
blood sugar drops too low, the level of insulin declines and other cells in the pancreas release glucagon, which causes the liver to turn stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the effects of too much sugar in the blood

A

Can increase risk of getting heart disease and stroke, kidney disease, vision problems, and nerve problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the body regulate blood sugar levels without eating for 12 hours

A

pancreas makes insulin. Insulin helps control your blood sugar levels by assisting the cells that absorb sugar from the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endocrine System

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nerve cells that carry information away from receptors and along the axons to the cell body are called

A

Sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endocrine

A

denoting glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synapses

A

Gap between neurons

Chemical messages sent between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the bloodstream do for hormones

A

The bloodstream carries the hormone to the liver and muscle cells. When the hormone binds to the cell, glucose is taken from the bloodstream into the cell, where it is then converted into glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

The pancreas contains special cells that sense when there is too much glucose in the blood and then it releases insulin into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to glycogen when our blood glucose levels increase

A

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle tissue and the overall response is to lower the blood glucose level, returning it to a normal level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Controlled variable

A

Everything you want to remain constant and unchanging. Type of plant used, pot size, a,puny of liquid, soil type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dependent variable

A

The change that happens because of the independent variable .The height it health of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Independent variable

A

The one thing you change. Limited to only one in an experiment .Liquid used to water each plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Light compensation point

A

Level of light at which he rate of p and cr of a photosynthetic organisms equals the same

Not net oxygen exchange
O2 is equal to amount used and produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment in the face of a changing external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endocrine System

A

Controls levels of blood glucose, hydration, heat productivity, sexual maturity,growth of cells and tissue

Use chemical messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Increasing temperature

A 
Vasoconstriction 
Seek shelter
Goose bumps
Clothes
Brown fat
Metabolism 
Shivering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Decreasing temperature

A 
Sweating
Vasodilation
Slowing metabolism 
Remove clothes
Covered in water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Osmoregulation
Regulates conc of water in an organism in order to prevent fluids from becoming to concentrated or diluted transports nutrients Gas exchange surfaces have to be moist Osmosis and passive diffusion
26
Negative feedback
Negative feedback counteracts the initial stimulus as it generates a response in the opposite direction
27
Positive Feed back
Intensify the variable creating more breast milk production Not found in homeostasis
28
Food chains
Series of links between different organisms based on feeding relationships
29
Food webs
There are 100 food chains linked in a food web | most organisms eat more than one type of food
30
Trophic levels
Feeding levels in a food web
31
Trophic levels& consumers
1st trophic level = primary producers 2nd trophic level = herbivores (primary consumers) 3rd trophic level= carnivores (secondary consumers) 4th trophic level= carnivores (Tertiary consumers)
32
Classifications of organisms hierarchy | 7
``` Kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```
33
Mutualism
Both species benefit
34
Commensalism
One species benefits | One isn’t affected
35
Parasitism
One species benefits one is harmed
36
Amensalism
One dies | One isn’t affected
37
Physiological
Internal response triggered by the external environment to maintain homeostasis If a skunk is threaded it will spray
38
Structural
Physical feature Elephant has big ears
39
Behavioural
Changes behaviour to suit environment Person wears a jumper if it’s cold
40
Mangrove adaptations
Salt glands on leaves allow salt from the water to be excreted. pneumatophores get oxygen and nutrients from roots cable roots allow for the plant to attach on the ground
41
Desert animal adaptations
``` Henle loop Metabolic water Nocturnal Burrows Humps to store fat Big ears Fur lined pouches ```
42
Desert plant adaptations
``` Thick cuticles Spikes to scare of predators Hang vertical for less sun exposure Long roots Store water Reduced transpiration ```
43
Biomimicry
Products designed on structures found in nature BULLET TRAIN KINGFISHER - The beak shape is aerodynamic ``` LED LIGHTS FIREFLIES - Bioluminescence Textured light bulb to allow All light to be used light can reflect backwards and get lost - Jagged scales abdomen 55% efficient ```
44
Biodiversity
Variety of living organisms that live in an ecosystem | Terrestrial aquatic
45
Keystone species
is a species that has a large effect on its natural environment relative to the wildlife surrounding . Cassowary eats fruits and poops out sees then they create new plants
46
Population changes
Birth and immigration Death and emigration
47
Aerobic respiration occurs where?
Mitochondria
48
Anaerobic respiration occurs where?
Cytosol
49
In the circulatory system
Systematic circulation transports blood to and from the rest of the body
50
Hypotonic solution red and blue
more water than particles
51
Hypertonic solution blue and red
There are more particles than water
52
Why do muscle cells contain more of mitochondria then skin cells
Skin cells aren’t involved in active movement of the body and don’t require as much ATP compared to muscle cells
53
Antagonistic
Hormone that acts in opposite direction hormone
54
Ectotherms
lizards,there internal body temperature changes to the external environment cold blooded
55
Endotherms
Human, internal temperature stays the same regardless of outside Warm blooded
56
Chemosynthesis
Use chemicals to produce its own food
57
Detrivores -
Eat small particles of dead plant and animal organic matter | Slugs
58
Density-independent factors
Regardless of population size
59
Target cells
Specific receptors, produces a response by the target cell
60
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone Released by the pituitary gland controlled by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. Stimulates reabsorption of water
61
Density-dependant factors
``` Rate of birth and death Competition Predation Crowding Parasitism Infectious disease ```
62
How do hormones get to places
Bloodstream
63
Decomposer
Bacteria and fungi that break down dead material
64
Type 1 diabetes doesn’t produce
Insulin
64
Hypothesis links
IV and DV and mentions higher or lower
64
How is information transmitted from the receptor to the control centre
Interneuron or sensory neuron
65
Loop of henle | Kangaroo Rat
Longer | Reabsorbs water
66
Osmoreceptor
Water receptors | Found in hypothalamus
67
Binomial name of a species
Is unique to a species
68
Members of the same class must also be the members of the same..
Phylum
69
Positive feed back e.g
Breastmilk production | Labour and child birth in mammals
70
Physiological eg for penguins
Counter current heat exchange system
71
Which response is more specific nervous or endocrine
Nervous response
72
Carrying capacity
The max. Number of a particular organism that an ecosystem can support
73
Advantages of using a scientific name
conveys information about the relationship of the species to other species gives some information about the bird based on the genus it is found in using a scientific name ensures that scientists know they are discussing the same organism.
74
Scientific name consists of
Genus and species
75
How to determine how closely related a species is on a phylogenetic tree
How close there branches are and how short they are is the closest species
76
Loop of henle is
Structural
77
Physiological e.g for kangaroo rat
Concentration of urine Doesn’t need to drink water very often or at all
78
Increased Blood glucose levels
``` Stimulus-⬆️ BGL Receptor- Chemoreceptor Control Centre- Pancreas (releases insulin) Effector- liver Stores glucose into glycogen Response- low BGL = homeostasis ```
79
Decreased Blood Glucose Levels
``` Stimulus- ⬇️BGL Receptor- Chemoreceptor Control Centre- Pancreas (releases glucagon ) Effector- liver Turns glycogen into glucose Response- high BGL = homeostasis ```
80
Increased body temperature
``` Stimulus- ⬆️body temp Receptor- thermoreceptor Control centre- hypothalamus (brain) Effector- vasodilation of blood vessels (sweating) Response- low body temp= homeostasis Metabolic rate up and down -E ```
81
Decreased body temperature
``` Stimulus- ⬇️body temp Receptor- thermoreceptor Control centre- hypothalamus (brain) Effector- vasoconstriction of blood vessels (increased metabolic rate hair stand up shiver) Response- high body temp= homeostasis ```
82
Increased blood water conc
``` Stimulus- ⬆️blood water conc Receptor- osmoreceptor Control centre- pituitary gland releases less ADH Effector- kidney Response- large volume of diluted urine ```
83
Decreased blood water conc
Stimulus- ⬇️blood water conc Receptor- osmoreceptor Control centre- pituitary gland releases moreADH Effector- kidney Response- small volume of concentrated urine
84
Nothing visible in a solution
Cells burst
85
Blood cells in original plasma liquid acts as a
Controlled variable

Biology Unit 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions