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ADM 1370 > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Information Technology

A

tool used to work with information and to support the information / information processing needs of an organization

You can buy IT but not IS

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2
Q

Information System

A

collects / processes / stores / analyzes information for a specific purpose

You can buy IT but not IS

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3
Q

Effects of unreliable Information Technology

A
  • employee overtime
  • costly mistakes
  • bad publicity
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4
Q

MIS

A

Management Information Systems

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5
Q

Informed User

A

Person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology

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6
Q

Why be an Informed User?

A
  • benefit from your organization’s IT applications
  • can enhance organization’s IT applications
  • can recommend IT applications
  • more productivity
  • easier to start your own business
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7
Q

Why is managing information resources difficult?

A
  • rely heavily on them
  • expensive
  • constantly evolving
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8
Q

IT Department division depends on…

A
  • size of organization
  • amount/type of resources
  • organization’s attitude
  • maturity level of technology
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9
Q

Traditional Functions of MIS department

A
  • systems development
  • systems project management
  • computer operations
  • staffing, training, developing IS skills
  • planning, development and control
  • technical services
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10
Q

Data

A

aren’t organized

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11
Q

Information

A

data that has been organized

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12
Q

Knowledge

A

data/info that has been organized/processed

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13
Q

Computer-based information system

A

uses computer technology to preform its tasks

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14
Q

Hardware

A

displays data/info

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15
Q

Database

A

collection of data

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16
Q

Software

A

enables hardware

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17
Q

Network

A

permits computers to share resources

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18
Q

procedures

A

instructions for combining hardware/software/database/network

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19
Q

Major capabilities of information systems

A
  • numerical computations
  • communication among organizations
  • storage of info
  • access to worldwide info
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20
Q

FAIS

A

Functional Area Information System

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21
Q

Functional Area Information System (FAIS)

A

collection of application programs in a single department

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22
Q

Application

A

supports specific tasks / business procedures

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23
Q

TPS

A

transaction processing systems

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24
Q

MIS

A

management information systems

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25
Q

ERP

A

enterprise resource planning

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26
Q

CRM

A

customer relationship management

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27
Q

SCM

A

supply chain management

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28
Q

Examples of FAIS

A
  • finance IS
  • accounting IS
  • production/operations management (POM)
  • marketing IS
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29
Q

Information systems that support the entire organization

A
  • ERP

- TPS

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30
Q

TPS

A

Transaction Processing System

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31
Q

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

A

supports monitoring / collection / storage / processing of data from business transactions

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32
Q

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

A

correct lack of communication within organization by putting into a common database

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33
Q

Electronic Commerce Systems

A

enable organizations to conduct transactions with B2C electronic commerce

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34
Q

B2C

A

business to customer

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35
Q

IOSs

A

Inter-organizational Information Systems

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36
Q

Inter-organizational Information Systems (IOS)

A

information systems that connect 2 or more organizations

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37
Q

Supply Chain

A

flow of materials/info/money/services from suppliers through factories/warehouses to customers

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38
Q

Knowledge Workers

A

experts in a particular subject

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39
Q

Office automation systems (OASs)

A

support staff

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40
Q

Business Intelligence Systems

A

provide computer based support for complex decisions

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41
Q

Function of functional area IS

A

supports the activities within specific functional area

ex: system for processing payroll

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42
Q

Function of Transaction processing system

A

processes transaction data from business events

ex: walmart checkout point-of-sale terminal

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43
Q

Function of Enterprise resource planning

A

integrates all functional areas of the organization

ex: Oracle, SAP system

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44
Q

Function of Management information system

A

produces reports summarized from the transaction data, usually in one functional area

ex: report on total sales for each customer

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45
Q

Function of Decision Support System

A

provides access to data and analysis tools

ex: “What-if” analysis of changes in budget

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46
Q

Function of Expert System

A

mimics human expert in particular area and makes decisions

ex: credit card approval analysis

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47
Q

Function of Executive Dashboard

A

presents structured, summarized information about aspects of business important to executives

ex: status of sales by product

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48
Q

Function of Supply Chain Management System

A

manages flows of products, services and information among organizations

ex: walmart retail link system connecting suppliers to walmart

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49
Q

Function of Electronic commerce system

A

enables transactions among organizations and between organizations and customers

ex: payment processes at www.dell.com

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50
Q

How does IT affect organizations?

A
  • affects entire industries
  • reduces the number of middle managers
  • changes the manager’s job
  • eliminate + create jobs
  • affects employees at work
  • employee health + safety
  • opportunities for people with disabilities
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51
Q

Importance of Information Systems to Society

A
  • quality of life
  • robot revolution is here
  • improvements in health care
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52
Q

Web 2.0

A

encourage user participation / social interaction / collaboration

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53
Q

Folksonomies

A

user-generated classifications that use tags to categorize/retrieve web content

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54
Q

Tag

A

term that describes a piece of info

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55
Q

Geottagging

A

tagging info on maps

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56
Q

RSS

A

really simple syndication

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57
Q

Really Simple Syndicate (RSS)

A

allows anyone to publish content to anyone who has an interest in subscribing to it

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58
Q

Blogsphere

A

blogs on web

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59
Q

Blog

A

personal website open to the pubic

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60
Q

Microblog

A

blogging with short messages

ex: Twitter

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61
Q

Wiki

A

website made of content posted by users

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62
Q

social network

A

social structure made of people linked by common interest/value

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63
Q

social capital

A

number of connections someone has on social networks

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64
Q

Corporate Social Networks are used for…

A
  • networking
  • social collaboration
  • social publishing
  • feedback
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65
Q

Mashups

A

new content made by mixing other content

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66
Q

Risks of social computing

A
  • invasion of privacy
  • violation of intellectual property and copyright
  • employee’s reluctance to participate
  • data leakage of personal information or corporate strategic information
  • poor or biased quality of user’s generated content
  • cyberbullying
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67
Q

Social Shopping

A

electronic commerce that takes key aspects of social networks and focuses them on shopping

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68
Q

Group Shopping

A

websites that offer major discounts/special deals during a short period of time

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69
Q

Shopping Communities and Clubs

A

host sales for their members usually feature luxury brans at discounted prices

70
Q

Social Marketplaces

A
  • helps members market/sell their own stuff/creations
71
Q

Collaboration Consumption

A
  • starring/swapping/trading/renting products or services

- access over ownership

72
Q

Social Advertising

A

make use of the social content of the user viewing the ad

73
Q

Social Ads

A

place in paid-for media space on social media network

74
Q

Social Aps

A

branded online applications

75
Q

Viral Marketing

A

word of mouth advertising

76
Q

Conversational Marketing

A

using social computing tools to obtain feedback from customers

77
Q

Social Intelligence

A

monitoring/collection/analysis of socially generated data and the resulted strategic decisions

78
Q

Forms of Modelling

A
  • mental
  • visual
  • mathematical
  • spreadsheet
79
Q

Modeling

A

creating a simplified representation of reality to better understand/control

80
Q

Business Analysts

A

people who build/analyze format models

81
Q

Decision-support systems

A

computer systems that tie together models, data, analysis tools and presentation into a single integrated package

82
Q

Embedded Models

A

computer systems that perform routine, repeated tasks with little or no human involvement

83
Q

PROs of Models

A
  • inexpensive errors
  • explore the impossible
  • improve business intuition
  • information in a timely manner
  • can reduce costs
84
Q

Spreadsheet engineering

A

good training in spreadsheet modelling

85
Q

Decisions

A

possible choices or courses of action we might take

86
Q

Outcomes

A

consequences of decisions

87
Q

Structure

A

logic linking model together

88
Q

Raw data

A

observations of the real world

89
Q

Data

A

specific numerical assumptions

90
Q

Analysis

A

apply logic to get conclusions

91
Q

Interpretation

A

evaluating solutions in terms of their impact on the real world

92
Q

Technical Skills

A

how to use functions

93
Q

Craft Skills

A

when to apply technical skills

94
Q

5 aspects important to modellers when making a model

A

1) Problem Context
2) Model structure
3) Model realization
4) Model assessment
5) Model Implementation

95
Q

Modeling Craft

A

nontechnical but critical skills that an expert modeller employs

96
Q

Draft Analysis

A

exploration of datasets and the basic techniques used for classification and prediction

97
Q

Management Science

A

covers optimization and stimulation

98
Q

Three layers of data model

A

1) Data
2) Analysis
3) Presentation

99
Q

1) Data

A

raw data that feeds into your dashboard

100
Q

2) Analysis

A

formulas to analyze and pull data from the data layer into

101
Q

3) Presentation

A

contains all charts, visualizations and dashboard components that you want your audience to see

102
Q

Why separate the 3 layers of data models?

A

you don’t want your data to become too tied into 1 way of presenting an idea

103
Q

Flat data tables

A

data repositories organized by row and column

104
Q

Tabular vs flat tables

A 
tubular = month identifier
flat = month identifiers integrated into the column labels
105
Q

Why avoid storing excess data?

A
  • it increases the number of formulas
  • it degrades the performance of your presentation layer
  • it limits the scalability of your data model
106
Q

CONs of limiting your data model to one tab…

A
  • limits the quality of your analysis
  • makes for a confusing data model
  • limits the amount of documentation you can include
107
Q

Lookup Tables

A

data that holds info in a structure that can be used to extract needed data

108
Q

VLOOKUP

A

finds a specific value in the 1st column of a lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specified table column

109
Q

HLOOKUP

A

horizontal VLOOKUP

110
Q

CHOOSE function

A

finds values from a defined set of choices

111
Q

What-If Analysis

A
  • Scenarios
  • Goal Seek
  • Data Tables
112
Q

Solver

A

add-in programs that searches for the best solution to a problem

113
Q

Best practices for creating spreadsheet models

A
  • Planning
  • Prototyping
  • Debugging
  • Reviewing
114
Q

Business Intelligence Components

A

RAD

  • Reporting
  • Analytics
  • Dashboards
115
Q

Business Intelligence

A

strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the data analysis of business information

116
Q

Types of BI Dashboards

A

Strategic
Analytical
Operational

117
Q

Strategic Dashboards

A

provide quick overview that decision makers need for monitoring the health and opportunities of the business

118
Q

Analytical Dashboards

A

used to not only see what is going on, but to examine the causes

119
Q

Operational Dashboards

A

for monitoring operations in real-time

120
Q

Conditional Formatting

A

offers an easy way to apply dynamic formatting to cells based on the values in those or other specified cells.

121
Q

Logical Functions

A

AND
OR
NOT

122
Q

Conditional Functions

A

IF
COUNTIF
SUMIF
AVERAGEIF

123
Q

Clickstream Data

A

data that visitors produce when they visit a website and click on hyperlinks

124
Q

Data Rot

A

problems with the idea on which the data is stored

125
Q

Data Governance

A

approach to managing info across an entire organization

126
Q

Master Data Management

A

provides companies with the ability to store, maintain, exchange and synchronize a consistent “single version of the truth” by the company master data

127
Q

Master Data

A

set of core data that span the enterprise information systems

128
Q

Transaction Data

A

deserve the business’s activities or transactions

129
Q

Data File

A

collection of logically related records

130
Q

Database systems minimize the following problems…

A
  • data redundancy
  • data isolation
  • data inconsistency
  • data security
  • data integrity
  • date independance
131
Q

DBMS

A

Database Management System

132
Q

Database Management System (DBMS)

A

set of programs that provide users with tolls to create + manage a database

133
Q

Relational Database Model

A
  • not 1 big table
  • usually called flat file
  • contains all records and attributes
134
Q

Data Model

A

diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationship

135
Q

Atribute

A

characteristic of a entity

136
Q

Record

A

logical grouping of related field

137
Q

Entity

A

person/place/thing

138
Q

Primary Key

A

field that identifies records in database so it can be retrieved, updated and sorted

139
Q

Secondary Key

A

identifies records but not with complete accuracy

140
Q

Foreign Key

A

a field in 1 table that uniquely identifies a row of another table

141
Q

Big Data

A
  • collection of data so large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems
  • predict and assignment probabilities to data
142
Q

Big Data Examples

A
  • likelihood that an email is spam

- likelihood the the typed letters “teh” are supposed to be “the”

143
Q

Big Data generally consists of the following:

A
  • Traditional enterprise data
  • Machine-generated/sensor data
  • social data
144
Q

Characteristic of Big Data

A
  • Volume
  • Velocity
  • Variety
145
Q

Issues with Big Data

A
  • can come from untrusted sources
  • big data = dirty
  • constantly changes
146
Q

Data Warehouse

A

repository of historical data that are organized support decision makers in the organizations

147
Q

Data Mart

A

low cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for the end-user needs

148
Q

Multidimensional Structure

A

store data in more than 2 dimensions

149
Q

Basic Characteristics of data warehouse and data marts include the following:

A
  • organized by business dimension or subject
  • online analytical processing
  • integrated
  • time variant
  • nonvolatile
  • multidimensional
150
Q

Data Integration

A

organizations needs to extra the data, transform them, and then load them into a data mart or warehouse

151
Q

Storing the Data

A

a variety of architectures can be used to store decision-support data

152
Q

Metadata

A

maintain data about the data

153
Q

Knowledge Management (KM)

A

helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that makes up part of the organization’s memory

154
Q

Intellectual Capital =

A

Knowledge

155
Q

KM

A

Knowledge Management

156
Q

KMS

A

Knowledge Management Systems

157
Q

Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs)

A

helps organizations cope with turnover, rapid change and downsizing by making the expertise of the organization’s human capital widely accessible

158
Q

KMS Cycle

A
  1. Create Knowledge
  2. Capture Knowledge
  3. Refine Knowledge
  4. Store Knowledge
  5. Manage Knowledge
  6. Disseminate Knowledge
159
Q

Query Languages (SQL)

A

most popular query language used for interacting with a database

160
Q

Query by Example (QBE)

A

construct a simple/description of data desired by filling out a grid/template

161
Q

Unary Relationship

A

1 entity

162
Q

Binary Relationship

A

2 entity

163
Q

Ternary

A

3 entity

164
Q

Business rules

A

precise descriptions of policies, procedures, or principles in any organization that stores and uses data to generate information

165
Q

Data Dictionary

A

provides information on each attribute

166
Q

Relationships

A

illustrate an association between entities

167
Q

Connectivity

A

describes the relationship classification

168
Q

Cardinality

A

maximum number of times an instance of one entity can be associated with an instance in the related entity

169
Q

Normalization

A

method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form to ensure minimum redundancy maximum data integrity, optimal processing performance

170
Q

Functional Dependencies

A

means of expressing that the value of 1 particular attribute is associated with a specific single value of another attribute

171
Q

Join operation

A

combines records from two or more tables in a database to obtain information that is located in different tables

172
Q

5 Step Design Method

A

1) The overall design - from concept to reality
2) Report design
3) Data design
4) Table design
5) Form design

ADM 1370 (2 decks)

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