exam 7 Flashcards
What is a device which records or decides dialing, routing, addressing, or signaling information by transmitted by an instrument or facility from which a wire or electronic communication is transmitted?
Pen register
A device or process which captures this the incoming electronic or other impulses which identify the originating number or other dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information reasonable likely to identify the source of a wire or electronic communication?
Trap and Trace device
No person may install or use a pen register or a trap and trace device without first obtaining what?
A court order under section 3123
Whose approval is required prior to initiating consensual monitoring?
RAC/GS
What cases are considered sensitive cases?
- High federal officials
- Public officials
- Federal LEOs
- Members of diplomatic corps
- Protected witnesses
- Federal prisoners
If a tracking device is going to be placed in a car or other object without consent of the owner what is needed?
A warrant, or court order for installation
What applies to the interception of wire, oral and electronic communications that are non consensual in real-time?
Title III -Wiretap act
What communications using human voice transmitted, but not the recovery of stored electronic communications?
Wire communications
Communications by human voice between people who are together in the same physical location when those persons have a reasonable expectation of privacy?
Oral communications
What communications other than human voice including digital display pagers, fax machines, electronic mail, computer transimissions and, in some cases satellite transmission?
Electronic communications
What does Title III include?
- Wiretaps
- Listening devices
- Real-time intercept of electronic mail, or fax or texts
- cloned cellular phones
- Mapped closed circuit video
- Cloned pager
What does Title III not include?
- Consensual monitoring
- Pen register/trap and trace
- Toll records
- Closed circuit video
- Pole camera
- Tracking device
- Stored voice mail
- Triggerfish/stingray
ATF will only seek approval of Title III interception in cases within ATFs primary jurisdiction that involve?
- Organized criminal activity
- Organized crime drug enforcement taskforce investigations
- Terrorism or subversive activity
- Illegal international firearms trafficking
- Major illegal domestic firearms trafficking
- Possession of firearms by prohibited persons where a substantial risk is posed to public safety
What is the highest DOJ approval for a wire tap?
Assistant attorney general
How long is a Title III good for?
30 days without an extention
What type of court authorization is required for consensual monitoring?
None
What court authorization does GPS tracking retire?
Tracking warrant (rule 41)
How long is a GPS tracker good for?
45 days
What court authorization is required for a pen register?
Court order
If an agent has any of this material in his or her file they should not be used as an undercover agent without the affected USAOs concurrence?
Giglio material
What is considered Giglio material?
- Any finding of misconduct that reflects upon the truthfulness or possible bias
- Any past or pending criminal charge
- Any credible allegation that reflects upon the truthfulness possible prejudice
It is vitally important that informants be what to protect their usefulness?
Scrutinized and carefully managed
What must never be contingent upon prosecution, conviction, punishment or testimony? (Unless for tax violators)
Rewards for CIs
In order to defeat an entrapment defense the gov’t must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that either
- There was no inducement
2. That the defendant was predisposed to commit the crime
What are the general guidelines for avoiding entrapment?
- Illegal nature of the criminal activity must be reasonably clear to the target
- Any inducement offered to the target must be justified
- Must have reasonable expectation that the inducement offered will reveal illegal activity
What amendment protects against self incrimination?
The 5th amendment
What amendment protects the Right to counsel?
The 6th amendment
Which amendment is offense specific?
The 6th amendment
What needs to be done to all tapes?
They need to be transcribed
Whose approval is required to use and A/C funds?
RAC/GS
What are agent cashier funds are used for what?
Purchasing of evidence, information or services where the identity of the Gov’t needs to be concealed
What are some examples of A/C purchases?
- Evidence/information
- CI subsistence
- Payment for court documents
- Lodging for CI, victims and witnesses
What is the illegal taking of funds, without permission, that typically occurs during covert enforcement operations?
Theft
What is the maximum amount of funds per investigation?
$100k
What is the limit per single suspect whether as a single purchase or a cumulative total per investigation?
$20k
What is the max amount agents are allowed to pay CIs per day in subsistence funds?
$200
What is the one time purchase of information limit per person?
$500
T or F? Subsistence can only be paid to documented and approved ATF CIs?
True
T or F? A CI can never sign the receipt with an alias?
False, if the Alias is documented in the CI file they can
T or F? An agent or other LEO must witness all payments to the CIs?
True
What information is needed to complete a request for funds form?
1. RAC/GS approval
- Documented on the ATF 3251.3 form
- Funds are utilized for approved purposes
- Unused funds are returned and documented on the request for funds form
When must the funds be returned with a form to the RAC/GS after the expenditure is made?
Within 5 business days
What interception is not consensual, covert and court approved?
Judicial interception
What interception is consensual, overt and is agency approved?
Non-judicial
Who is the approval authority for non-judicial interception?
RAC/GS unless “sensitive”
What are sensitive areas that require approval?
- Higher federal official
- Public officials
- Diplomatic officials
- Protected witnesses
- Federal prisoners
What does not qualify as E/S evidence?
- Copies of police dash cams
- Security camera recordings
- Consensual interviews
What is E/S typically used for?
- Safety
2. Evidence
T-III court order and applications must be retained for at least how long?
10 years after final disposition
Who is the approval authority to participate in a T-III conducted by another agency?
SAC
Are pen registered and trap and traces treated as non-judicial or judicial intercepts?
Non-judicial
Can ATF surveillance equipment be loaned to to other agencies?
Yes with RAC/GS approval