Exam Flashcards
Someone who studies systems of government
A political scientist
Historians rely on primary sources because these sources…
Provide eyewitness accounts of events
The Neolithic Revolution was a turning point in history because…
Alternatives to hunting and gathering developed
Which environmental issue faced the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and China
Catastrophic floods that destroyed crops and villages
Which geographic factors enabled Nanjing and Mogadishu to develop into powerful trading centers?
Location on waterways
Knowledge of trade wind patterns and the ability sailors to utilize them on Indian and Atlantic oceans demonstrates that
Geography and technology influence economic activity
What was the reason Babylon, Harappa, and Kiev became important centers of civilization
River valley trade made them economic areas
Who are the people that focus their studies on scarcity, resources and profit motives
Economists
Which economy relies on hunting, gathering, herding, and farming to maintain self-sufficiency
Traditional
The field that studies on governmental powers and the right of citizens
Political science
What is one characteristic of a society that practices substance farming
Production of crops mainly for its own use. No surplus
Who are anthropologists?
Study the origin and the physical, social and cultural development and behavior of humans.
Who are geographers
Study how location influences the way people live
Who are economists
Study the scarcity of resources and availability of goods
Archaeologists
Study the physical artifacts of a culture
Who are historians?
Research, analyze and interpret the past
Who are Sociologists
Study society and social behavior by examining the groups, cultures, organizations and public policy
River valleys geographic features
Good farmland, source of fresh water and transportation, and contains rich soil
Greece geographic features
Mountainous terrain, forced them to became individual city-states. Also had irregular coastline and many islands that provided harbors and seafaring trade
Africa geographic features and influence
Lots of deserts like Sahara (northern) and Kalahari (southern) Slowed land travel. Not a lot of rain as well
Indian geographic features and influence
Seasonal monsoons. Helped trade, and affected agriculture productivity
Italy geographic features and influence
Access to trade routes (like Mediterranean). Venice was a huge trade destination. Became wealthy off it.
Byzantine and Ottoman geographic features and influence
Prosperous center of trade. On the Bosporus Strait (Constantinople/Istanbul)
South American geographic features and influence
Agricultural systems that would show civilizations adapted to their environment.
Maya agriculture system
Slash and burn agriculture
Aztecs agriculture system
Chinampas (floating gardens)
Incas farming
Terrace farming
Inca location
Peru, Andes Mountains
Aztecs location
Mexico. Capital was Tenochitlan, modern-day Mexico City
Maya location
Yucatán peninsula, Mexico peninsula
Before Silk Road China was
Isolated and struggled to exchange ideas because of Goni desert and Himalayas
Chinese ideas spread to Japan and Korea because
It’s a cultural bridge and next to them
First Chinese dynasty
Shing dynasty
Common features the first civilizations had
Existed in ricer valley region, all polytheistic, has traditional economies, and substance farming
Indian classical civilizations/dynasties
Maurya and Gupta
Maurya Dynasty info
Asoka was the famous ruler who wrote the laws on pillars. Converted to Buddhism during his reign
Gupta Dynasty info
Golden age of India. Many achievements in arts, literature, math and science. Creation of zero, and development of Sanskrit writing
Caste system in India
Born into it. Went Brahmins (priests) to Kshatriyas (warriors) to Vaisyas (merchants and artisans) to Sudras (laborers)
Buddhism founder
Siddhartha Gautama (also called Buddha)
Buddhism info
Believed in karma and reincarnation. Goal was to achieve Nirvana and ending reincarnation/rebirth. Can be achieved by accepting 4 noble truth.
China classical civilizations
Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty
Qin dynasty info
Last 15 years, government was based off legalism
Han dynasty info
Last 400 years, created civil service exam. They grew wealthy through trade because of the system of roads developed in the region
Legalism
Philosophy based on the idea that humans are evil and that harsh punishments are needed to prevent crime and keep order in society
Confucianism
Major philosophy in China. Main teachings were The Five Relationships and Filial Piety.
Maya achievements
Developed a calendar, form of writing
