Exam Flashcards
“Will not remember” = za-kar’
- to cause to remember, remind
- to cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
- to mention
- to record
- to make a memorial, make remembrance
4 New Trends
1) Over the last few decades there has been a shift from the amount of information retained to the pliability of memory
2) Memories are pliable. They change over time and can be implanted
3) Memory is fallible, quirky, and reconstructive in nature
4) Memory is compared to a theater rather than a movie
What are the 2 sub categories of the Explicit Memory type?
1) Episodic Memory (tied to certain episodes of your life)
2) Semantic Memory (facts and general knowledge that do not depend on recalling a particular time or situation)
What are the 2 sub categories of the Implicit Memory type?
1) Procedural Memory (how we remember to do things)
2) Priming (exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention)
What are the 3 parts of memory formation?
- Encode: get information into memory
- Store: retain over time
- Retrieve: get information out of storage
Memory Formation Cycle
Event 🎂 ⬇️ Sensory Register 🔬 ⬇️ Sensory Memory 👁 ⬇️ Short-Term Memory 🧠 ⬇️ Long-Term Memory 👤
3 Types of Memory Retrieval
1) Recall
2) Recognize
3) Relearn
3 Levels of Encoding
1) Automatic Processing
2) Shallow Processing
3) Deep Processing
What are the 3 reasons we forget?
1) Failure to encode
2) Failure to retrieve
3) Storage decay
What is the one factor that effects our Nature?
Genetics
What are the 5 factors that effect our Nurture?
1) Prenatal Chemicals
2) Postnatal Chemicals
3) General Experiential Factors
4) Individual Experiential Factors
5) Traumatic Factors
What was Jean Piaget’s theory?
He theorized that humans go through specific stages of cognitive development and intellectual progression.
What was Jean Piaget’s question?
How does knowledge grow?
What is the 4 Stage Theory of Development?
- Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to 2
- Pre-operational Stage: 2-7
- Concrete Operational Stage: 7-12
- Formal Operational Stage: 12-Life
The primary emotions are the same for all people, regardless of nationality, gender, etc.
TRUE
What are the 6 Universal Primary Emotions?
- Anger
- Sadness
- Happiness
- Disgust
- Fear
- Surprise
Secondary emotions are felt after the first emotion is processed - a combination of emotions.
TRUE
Serenity + Interest =
Optimism
Joy + Trust =
Love
Trust + Fear =
Submission
Fear + Surprise =
Awe
Surprise + Sadness =
Disapproval
Sadness + Disgust =
Remorse
Disgust + Anger =
Contempt
Anticipation + Anger =
Aggressiveness
Self-Conscious Emotions:
- Lack facial expression
- Triggered only by mental reflection
- Develop in the 2nd or 3rd year of life
- Depend on self-awareness, knowing good/bad
Some Self-Conscious Emotions include:
- Guilt
- Shame
- Embarrassment
- Pride
- Envy
- Jealousy
What are the 3 Components of Emotions?
1) Physiological Arousal
2) Expressive Behavior
3) Conscious Experience
Common Sense says:
“I tremble because I’m afraid.”
James-Lange says:
“I feel afraid because I tremble.”
Cannon-Bard says:
“When my subconscious interprets something to be scary, I tremble and feel afraid.”
Schacter (2 Factor) says:
“I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation as dangerous.”
Two-Dimensional Model of Emotions
Any emotions you feel are expressed on a spectrum of valence and arousal.
Valence
Pleasant or positive vs. unpleasant or negative.
Arousal
Excited or active vs. not excited or inactive.
Sympathetic Division
Arousing
Parasympathetic Division
Calming
Why can stress and negative emotions be bad for our health?
- Lifestyle Factors
- Social Factors
- Biological Factors
