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Intro to Psychology Final > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A 
Psyche = Soul
Logos = Word
Psychology = a word about the soul
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2
Q

Secular Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind

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3
Q

Memory

A

Learning that has persisted over time - information that has been stored and, in many cases, can be recalled.

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4
Q

Mnemonics

A

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

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5
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of our physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes throughout our whole lives - from prenatal to preteen to post-retirement

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6
Q

Maturation

A

The biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

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7
Q

Emotion

A

The mind and body’s integrated response to a stimulus of some kind

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8
Q

Stress

A

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events or stressors that we view as challenging or threatening

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9
Q

Schemas

A

How we categorize things

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10
Q

Self-Conscious Emotions

A

Emotions that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others reactions to us

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11
Q

Social Psych

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to others

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12
Q

Attribution

A

The process of explaining events

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13
Q

Actor-Observer Effect

A

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situation causes - but that of others to internal causes

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14
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A

Faces/bodies don’t just show our emotions, they can influence our emotions as well

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15
Q

Attribution

A

The process of explaining events, or inferring their causes

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16
Q

Attribution Theory

A

The theory that we can explain someone’s behavior by crediting either their stable, enduring traits (also known as their disposition) or the situation at hand

17
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition

18
Q

Explicit (Declarative) Memory

A

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

19
Q

Implicit (Non-Declarative) Memory

A

Retention independent of conscious recollection

20
Q

Iconic Memory

A

Perfect visual memory - last about 1/2 a second

21
Q

Echoing Memory

A

Sensory memory of auditory stimuli - lasts 2-4 seconds

22
Q

Physiological Arousal

A

Automatic physical response

23
Q

Expressive Behavior

A

Body posture, gesture, facial expression

24
Q

Conscious Experience

A

Subjective feelings, interpretation, perception, memories

25
Q

Stressors

A

Catastrophes, significant life changes, everyday inconveniences

26
Q

Goal

A

Understanding, explaining, and predicting social cognition and social behavior

27
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

The tendency to view positive outcomes as stemming from internal causes (our own effort or ability) but negative outcomes as stemming from external factors

28
Q

Conformity

A

Describes how we adjust our behavior or thinking to follow the behavior or rules of the group we belong to

29
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

The idea that we comply in order to fuel our need to be liked or belong

30
Q

Compliance

A

Changing a behavior in response to a direct request

31
Q

Obedience

A

Social influence by demand

32
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Effects on performance stemming from the presence of others

33
Q

Social Loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

34
Q

Deindividualization

A

The loss of self-awareness and restraint that can occur in group situations

35
Q

Group Polarization

A

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

36
Q

Bystander Effect

A

The tendency to assume someone else will take the lead (go first) when in a group of people

Intro to Psychology Final (2 decks)

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