Exam Flashcards
Define IMSAFE
Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Eating
Why do aircrew require an annual audiometric exam?
Early detection of NIHL
Which drugs are allowed to be used to assist with sleep?
Tamazepam
Zolpidem
Sunglasses
CR39 - won’t shatter
ND15 - absorb colours
Emergency actions for toxic fumes exposure in the aircraft?
100% O2, emergency, connection, breathe normally, declare, descend and land ASAP, ventilate cabin
Describe the decibel scale
Modified to reflect the ears response to sound
Logarithmic
Define resonance
When a body is vibrated by another being vibrated
What is NIHL?
Noise induced hearing loss
What is the relationship between pressure and volume
Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?
Insidious nature
Incapacitating effects
What is the difference between the anatomical blind spot and the night blind spot?
Anatomical: no photoreceptive cells where the optic nerve leaves the eye
Night: centre of fovea has no rods, only cones. Rods have lower light stimulation threshold than cones. Must depend on rods in lower than moon light
Describe the two components of the vestibular system used for orientation.
Semicircular canals: 3 fluid filled tubes in the inner ear. Right angles. Angular acceleration.
Otolith organs: small sacs. Inner ear, nerve hair cells. Linear acceleration.
Which body cavities may have trapped gas problems during descent
Ears
Sinuses
4 main symptoms of motion sickness
Pallor
Cold sweating
Nausea
Vomiting
State various types of aircraft oxygen systems.
Gaseous, liquid, solid chemical, onboard generators
Define the law of gaseous diffusion
Gas molecules will diffuse through a permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
State the physical effects of a loss of cabin pressure.
Noise Decrease temperature Misting Decrease visibility Air blast
What is auto kinesis?
Illusory movement by a static light viewed in the dark.
Example of a dot
Which sensory organs detect angular acceleration?
Semicircular canals
State the safety rules relating to oxygen.
Checks for system integrity
Indications of O2 flow and content
Protection from toxic fumes
Emergency system for high altitude
4 types of Hypoxia
Hypoxic
Histotoxic
Hypaenic
Stagnant
What mechanisms does the body use to maintain 37 degrees in hot weather?
Thermoregulatory systems:
- vasodilatation
- sweating
Exposure time for decibels
85 - 8
Every other halves
State the physiological effects of a loss of cabin pressure.
Gas expansion
Hypoxia
DCS
Cold
Physiological problems with vibration
Hard tracking of objects
Heart rate fluctuations
Increased muscle activity
What is the cause of Permanent Threshold Shift
Destruction of hair cells
Sources of vibration
Engines
Turbulence
High speed low level flight
High G
What are the four types of decompression illness
Bends- joints
Creeps - skin
Staggers - nervous system
Chokes - respiratory
Define Active failures
Errors that have immediate impact
State the signs and symptoms of toxic fume exposure.
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, confusion, disorientation, headache
Odour, eye or throat irritation
What drugs can be used to manage fatigue?
Caffeine
Define vibration
Oscillation of an objects velocity
Who can TMUFF aircrew
Health care provider
Authorising officers
Flight commanders
Individuals
What are the components of the shell model?
Software - procedures
Hardware - machine
Environment - situation
Liveware- human
What does CREEP stand for?
Container Restraint Environment Energy absorption Post crash factors and escape
State the differences between Rods and Cones.
Rods: night, low illumination, imprecise movement, peripheral retina, monochromatic
Cones: day, high illumination, fine details, colour, central retina
Define latent failures
Errors before the incident
How is the deoxygenated blood returned to the heart
Venus system -
Cavae - one way valves
Muscular action
Reduced pressure from diaphragm
How can aircrew protect, improve and maintain their operational night vision?
Training Clean screens Dark adapt 100% O2 Protect from light Scan Diet No smoke
The false sensation of pitching is an example of what illusion?
Somatogravic illusion
What is Henry’s law
The amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas over the solution
Which body cavities may have trapped gas problems during ascent
Lungs
Teeth
Gastro-intestinal tract
Describe the Coriolanus illusion.
sensation of tumbling. Movement of head from plane of rotation. Conflicting information.
State the three sensory organs used for orientation.
Vision
Vestibular system
Proprioceptors
Describe the leans.
Semicircular canals, otolith inputs, not detected if slower 2degrees per second per second.
List the types of aircraft pressurisation systems.
Low-differential systems
High-differential systems
Air conditioning
Which sensory organs detect tilt?
Otolith organs
