Day 1 Flashcards
State the TUC at 25,000ft
TUC - 3-5min
unconscious - 7min
fatal - 20-60min
From time of exposure
What happens to the carbon dioxide levels in your blood when you hyperventilate?
O2 levels decrease in the blood
List the parts of the upper respiratory that may cause problems due to aviation.
Ears, frontal and sphenoid sinuses
State the immediate action for Hypoxia.
Regulator, diluted, pressure, connection, descent, declare
List the signs and symptoms of Hypoxia.
Symptoms:
- tingles, dizzy, hot/cold, euphoria, apprehension, vision, fatigue, headache
Signs:
- hyperventilation, pallor, cyanosis, confusion, poor judgement, incoordination, death, tremor, unconsciousness
At what altitude is 100% oxygen first required to maintain MSL oxygen levels?
33,700ft
It is equivalent by 40,000ft
State the definition of Hypoxia.
State of oxygen deficiency at tissue cell level sufficient to cause impairment of function
Why is the treatment of Hypoxia and Hyperventilation the same?
Similar symptoms
Hard to differentiate between them
Describe how night vision is affected by Hypoxia.
Retinal cells require plenty of oxygen
Decrease in O2 = decrease in adaptation
Scotopic night vision at altitude can be significantly reduced
Effect of Hypoxia is to elevate the rod and cone threshold
WRT the atmosphere, list the three physiological zones.
- Physiological Zone (SL - 10,000ft)
- Physiologically Deficient Zone (10,000ft - 50,000ft)
- Space Equivalent Zone (50,000ft - edge of atmosphere)
True of False.
The greatest atmospheric pressure changes occur below 5000ft
True
What gases make up the atmosphere?
What are the percentages of these gases in the atmosphere at MSL?
Oxygen 21%, Nitrogen 78%, other gases 1% (argon 0.9%, CO2 0.036%)
What happens to the relative percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere as altitude increases.
Stays the same until 300,000ft
Define the Law of Gaseous Diffusion.
Gas molecules will diffuse through a permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
What is oxygen paradox?
When symptoms of Hypoxia initially worsen after taking in oxygen during recovery.
A 1L balloon at MSL will be how large at 18,000ft
2L
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
Describe 4 types of Hypoxia
Hypoxic
Hypaenic
Histotoxic
Stagnant
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
What is the primary purpose of red blood cells?
It carries O2 around the body
Which gas law explains why the evolution of nitrogen bubbles during high altitude flight may cause decompression illness?
Henry’s Law - the amount of vase dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that has over the solution
How is the deoxygenated blood returned to the heart?
Venules (small veins) and returned to the heard by larger one way veins .. pressure from heart
