Exam 6 Pages 313-365 Ch 11-12 Flashcards
Flat area on the ocean bottom
Plain
A sharp drop in the sea floor beyond the Continental Shelf
continental slope
Fat-topped seamounts
Guyots
Underwater volcanic mountains
Seamounts
The type of rock usually found in the ocean basins.
Basalt
The type of rock of rock which mainly makes up the continents.
Granite
Long narrow v-shaped depressions which are the deepest part of the ocean
Ocean trenches
Largest mountain range on Earth
Mid-ocean ridge
Covers the ocean bottom and contains mineral deposits such as phosphate rock and manganese nodules
Sediment
The shallow costal waters and surface layers of deeper waters
Neritic province
The era of water at the bottom of the ocean
Benthos
Name 2 instruments used by scientists to study currents
Drogues; satellites
Tides are mainly caused by the gravitational attraction of the
Moon
Waves are caused by the gravitational attraction of the
Sun
Undersea earthquakes may set in motion giant waves called
Tsunamis
Each year waves erode about how much land from the coast of the USA?
1 foot
In the northern Hemisphere the rotation of the earth causes currents to run in which direction?
Clockwise
Name three locations in the ocean where organisms can be found living:
The Neritic province, benthos, deep-sea benthos
Plankton include microscopic animals and _.
Plants
Plant life in the ocean is important because ocean plants are producers of ocean foods and sources of
Oxygen
What was used as an aid to navigation in the 15th century?
The magnetic compass
Who asked to America in 1492
Christopher Columbus
The Nansen bottle is used to collect
Water samples
Crustal rock under the ocean is formed as basalt is pushed up from the
Mantle
The water of the oceans may have come originally from the earth’s
Crust
Limestone and diatomaceous earth are what kinds of rock on the ocean floor?
Sedimentary
Guyots are flat-topped seamounts under the sea. Are they volcanic ?
Yes
What two islands are part of the Mid-atlantic Ridge?
Iceland and St. Helena
Sulfur is mined from offshore wells by dissolving it in hot
Water
Manganese nodules are formed by precipitation of dissolved
Minerals
Name two other valuable metals contained in the ocean, besides cobalt, silver , and copper.
Gold, nickel, and silver
What is the largest mammal that spends all of its life in water?
Whale
Many fish migrate, depending on the
Season
In the ocean’s food web, oysters are
Herbivores
The Gulf Stream is responsible for the moderate temperatures along the coast of
Great Britain
The largest 2 invertebrates on the earth are the
Octopi and squid
Corals are classified as
Animals
Plant life in the ocean is important, because ocean plants are sources of oxygen and producers in the ocean food _.
Chain
Land usually heats up more quickly than does
Water
Which absorbs heat from the sun more quickly, snow covered ground, or a field of dark boulders?
A field of dark boulders
Which tends to expand and rise, WARM or COLD air
Warm
What kind of front resultswhen a warm air mass pushes into a cold air mass?
Warm front
What weather often accompanies cold fronts?
Violent thunderstorms
What weather occurs when cool air moves out from the land over water?
A land breeze is created .
Name a giant puffy cloud that generally indicates fair weather.
Cumulus
The discharge of electricity between large charges which have opposite charge is called
Lightning
Clouds will not form without __ in the air.
Moisture
The winds of a tornado tend to be concentrated in a smaller area than the winds of a
Hurricane
The pattern of temperature, wind, and precipitation for a given area is its
Climate
Seaweed is a type of
Algae
Do vertebrates have backbones?
Yes
What causes surface waves?
Winds
Are tsunamis higher or lower than average waves?
Higher
Name the highest part of a wave
Crest
The differences in air temperature over land and over water, and the earth’s rotation both affect the creation of
Wind
These tend to be warmer in tropical regions than in polar regions. Maritime tend to be wetter than continental. What are they?
Air masses
What happens when a Tropical Maritime air mass pushes up against a Polar Continental air mass?
Rain or snow falls
The Earth’s rotation causes winds to move in what direction as they blow across the US?
West to East
What is evidence of the direction in which winds generally blow across the US?
The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains tend to get little rainfall, while the western slopes receive a lot of rain.
At night in an area near a large body of water you would expect the air over the land to move in over the water, and create a
Land breeze
Cloud formation depends on 2 factors in the air:
Humidity and temperature
When cold air moves into an area the atmospheric pressure is high because
Cold air is denser than warm air
A barometer is used to measure air
Pressure
With lightning, the charge on the ground should be positive, and the charge in the cloud should be _.
Negative
What are formed when a cold front pushes up against a warm front?
Thunderstorm
List 2 precautions to take during a thunderstorm.
Stay indoors if possible. Stay away from trees. Avoid using telephones.
How does a hurricane differ from a tornado?
The winds of a tornado are concentrated in a smaller area.
The climate of an area is its average weather conditions over a period of
Time
Compared to large land masses at the same latitude, islands tend to have more moderate climates with small variations in
Temperature
Most of our water comes originally from evaporation of
Ocean water
