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Earth Science > Exam 3 Pg130-187 Smallest Life Forms > Flashcards

Exam 3 Pg130-187 Smallest Life Forms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

All organic compounds must contain

A

Carbon

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1
Q

All living organisms contain the following elements:

A

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

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2
Q

Organisms are made of cells and cells com from other cells is ____ theory.

A

Cell theory

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3
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of the cell?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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4
Q

Cytoplasm is composed mainly of

A

Water

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5
Q

If you looked under a microscope and saw a cell with a cell wall and chloroplasts, you would know that the cell was a

A

Plant

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6
Q

A particle with DNA but no nucleus or cell wall is a

A

Virus

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7
Q

Scientists use a working argument called a

A

Hypothesis

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8
Q

In order to obtain energy and build new material, all living things carry on the process of ____ and reduction.

A

Oxidation

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9
Q

A ____ is a collection of facts and observations which not only describe events happening now, but also predicts future events.

A

Theory

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10
Q

Algae are simple __.

A

Plants

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11
Q

Algae produce what percent of atmospheric oxygen?

A

50-90%

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12
Q

Oxygen is produced by algae in the process of ___.

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Water__ is A threat to algae, and to the supply of oxygen we breathe.

A

Pollution

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14
Q

Protozoa are simple __.

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

What can do these. 5 things:

Grow, reproduce, respond, move, oxidation/reduction to produce energy

A

Living things

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16
Q

Name 4 chemical elements most commonly present in living things.

A

Carbon,
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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17
Q

Bacilli, spherical, and cocci are three types of

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Name two elements found in tiny amounts in the cytoplasm

A

Iron and copper

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19
Q

What part of the cell controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

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20
Q

Penicillin and streptomycin are

A

Antibiotics

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21
Q

Disease causing organisms are called

A

Pathogens

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22
Q

Who developed a vaccination against smallpox?

A

Edward Jenner

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23
Q

What is a substance which contains viral or bacterial antigens?

A

Vaccine

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24
Q

Protection against infection is called

A

Immunity

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25
Q

White bold cells which destroy invaders by surrounding them are called

A

Antibodies

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26
Q

A virus that causes chicken pox, cold sores, and shingles is called

A

Herpes virus

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27
Q

A liquid, containing antibodies, which provide temporary immunity is called

A

Antiserum

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28
Q

Organisms which live in or on other living things are called

A

Parasites

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29
Q

The process by which nitrogen returns to the soil is called

A

The nitrogen cycle

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30
Q

The bacterium that is found in the large intestine is called

A

E. coli

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31
Q

The 3 elements found in tiny amounts of the cytoplasm are

A

Iron
Magnesium
Copper

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32
Q

Chloroplasts, chlorophyll, and light energy all contribute to what process in plants?

A

Photosynthesis

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33
Q

Another name for living thing is:

A

Organism

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34
Q

The basic units of all living things

A

Cells

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35
Q

Protozoa are not plants. They are simple

A

Animals

36
Q

Cancer-causing irritants which trigger viruses

A

Carcinogens

37
Q

A virus which attacks a bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

38
Q

A disease-causing organism

A

Pathogen

39
Q

Poisonous chemicals produced by bacteria

A

Toxins

40
Q

A general term for microscopic forms of life capable of living under ext team conditions.

A

Microbes

41
Q

Rod shaped bacteria

A

Bacilli

42
Q

Round, or sphere-shaped bacteria that link together like beads on a necklace.

A

Cocci

43
Q

Spiral-shaped bacteria are called

A

Spirilla

44
Q

What is the best line of defense against bacteria?

A

Hand washing

45
Q

Which occur in the greatest number, beneficial or harmful bacteria?

A

Beneficial

46
Q

What do almost all bacteria need to reproduce?

A

Moisture and warmth

47
Q

Under ideal conditions for bacteria, do they multiply slowly or rapidly?

A

Rapidly

48
Q

What living thing helps nitrogen return to the soil?

A

Bacteria

49
Q

Protozoa are members of what Kingdom?

A

Animal

50
Q

Algae are members of what kingdom?

A

Plant

51
Q

The amoeba is probably the best known member of the __

A

Protozoa

52
Q

Fungi cannot make their own food, because they are plants without the green pigment___\

A

Chlorophyll

53
Q

Yeast is a type of ___

A

Fungi

54
Q

Yeast converts foods to alcohol and vinegar , and causes bread dough to __

A

Rise

55
Q

What does algae help provide for the air?

A

Oxygen

56
Q

How many parents are needed for asexual reproduction?

A

One

57
Q

How many parents are needed for sexual reproduction?

A

Two

58
Q

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. What kind of reproduction is binary fission?

A

Asexual

59
Q

What is the ability to regrow a lost body part called?

A

Regeneration

60
Q

In flowering plants, what are the structures the structures that contain the embryo and food called?

A

Seeds

61
Q

Name the male part of the flower.

A

Stamen

62
Q

Seeds in a plant are formed from the fertilization of___.

A

Ovules

63
Q

In a plant, a mature ovary is a ___.

A

Fruit

64
Q

In mammals the male reproductive cell is called the _.

A

Sperm

65
Q

Fertilization takes place in the female __.

A

Vagina

66
Q

What supplies food and oxygen for the developing embryo while it is in the uterus?

A

Placenta

67
Q

How many chromosomes does the human body cell contain?

A

46

68
Q

How many chromosomes does the human sperm or egg cell contain?

A

23

69
Q

Chromosomes are made up of genes, and genes contain ___.

A

DNA

70
Q

What substance contains the codes for the production of proteins and enzymes? This substance is located in genes.

A

DNA

71
Q

Which gender will a an embryo with the XY chromosome be, male or female?

A

Male

72
Q

Female reproductive part of a flower

A

Pistil

73
Q

Tiny new organism formed when egg and sperm join

A

Embryo

74
Q

In women the most likely time for an egg to be fertilized is about day ___ of her menstrual cycle.

A

15

75
Q

Organisms can reproduce in two ways. Name them.

A

Sexual and asexual reproduction

76
Q

Stem cuttings from som kind of plants will grow into new plants . Name two kings of plants.

A

Willows, lilac, rose, potato, , sugar cane, banana

77
Q

Are new organisms that are produced by asexual reproduction DIFFERENT or IDENTICAL to their parent?

A

Identical

78
Q

Cell activities are regulated by DNA, because DNA directs the manufacture of the major building blocks of all cells, which are called

A

Proteins

79
Q

Subunits of the bases cytosine, adenine, and two other based are arranged in sequence to form new copies of the DNA molecule. The two other bases are:

A

Guanine and Thymine

80
Q

The nucleus acid molecule which contains chemical instructions that direct cell activities and transmit inheritance is called

A

DNA

81
Q

The structures which govern inheritance are located on the chromosome, and are called

A

Genes

82
Q

When 2 PUREBRED organisms with different expressions of a trait are crossed, their offspring show only ONE Expression of that trait. In this case, the ONE TRAIT is called:

A

A Dominant trait

83
Q

The chromosome contribution which decides the sex of the child is the mother or the father?

A

Father

84
Q

How often do adult males produce sperm?

A

In monthly cycles

85
Q

Glands in a male secrete the fluid which provides a pathway for sperm. This pathway is called

A

Semen

86
Q

In the human male, sperm cells are produced in the

A

Testes

87
Q

The afterbirth , which detaches from the mother ‘a body after the baby is born, is made up of the placenta and the __ __.

A

Umbilical cord

88
Q

During the birth of a baby, contractions help move the baby into the birth canal. The body part which contracts is called the

A

Uterus

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