exam 6 material Flashcards
what is the machiavellian personality in coaching?
one who manipulates others indirectly rather than laying down the law
how does being aware of individual differences make someone a good coach?
- some athletes are motivated by yelling / emotional displays while others are turned off by it
- this is how you individualize motivation for each athlete
- a good coach should know how to get each individuals optimum arousal –> the teams optimum arousal
what is kinesics?
body language used to convey a message in the communication process
what are the elements of the communication process?
- source
- message
- channel
- receiver
LeUnes and Nation Study (1982)
authoritarian personality
studied the authoritarian personality of college football players vs. high school football players vs. nonathletes
Findings of LeUnes and Nation 1982 study
- found that college football players were MUCH more authoritarian on virtually every subscale and total scale than both other groups
Caliafornia F-Scale
traditional measure of authoritarianism
California F-scale 9 subscales
in PP on canvas
* Conventionalism: rigid adherence to middle class values
* Authoritarian submission: submissive to and uncritical of authority
* authoritarian aggression: tendency to punish those violating conventional middle class values
* destructiveness and cynicism: hostility, cynical attitude
* power and toughness: preoccupation with power and assertion / strength
* superstition and stereotypy: belief in mystical determinants, see things rigidly / black and white
* anti-intraception: distrust of tender feelings and emotion
* projectivity: belief wild and dangerous things go on in the world; projection of hostility, fears, sexuality
* sex: exaggerated concern with sexual goings-on, desire to punish those violating sexual norms
authoritarian personality
coaching
* asserts absolute leadership
* has well-formulated goals
* demands certain responses from athletes
* takes credit / blame for wins / losses
Coach John Gagliardi
coaching philosophy
- no blocking sleds
- no scrimmages
- no scholarships
- 90 min practices in sweats / shorts
- players called him John
Coach John Wooden
legendary UCLA bruins coach in 60s and 70s.
only person to ever make NCAA basketball hall of fame as player and coach
writes loveletters to his wife (21st of each month) and sleeps on his half of the bed even though she passed in 1985.
won 7 national championships in a row as a coach, 10 overall
won 88 games in a row from 1971-1974
never made more than $32,500
Letters between Griffith and Rockne
griffith writes to rockne asking about the intersection of sports and psych
* rockne responds and is grateful for his interest, but does not know much on psych. tries to pick men who know a lot about and have fun with football –> says he tries to make the boys take the game less seriously
* griffith asks about keeping the spirit up during postseason and how rockne plans to do this
* rockne tried to make the workouts short and snappy –> spirit of the play helped the boys win
point of rockne and griffith letters?
griffith is the father of sport psych
rockne is one of the most successful football coaches in history
their letters serve to remind us of coaching practices remained similar –> differences highlighted.
John Gigliardi achievents
winning percentage of 0.784
452 wins
3 small college national titles
St. John’s in Minnesota
57 years coach, 54 as head coach
John Gigliardi on “no pain, no gain”
opposed forcefully
viewed football as a game of finesse rather than brute strength
behavioral guidlines of Youth coaches
positive reinforcement
- good plays: reinforce immediately, dont take effort for granted
- mistakes: do encourage immediately, don’t punish when things go wrong
- misbehaviors: do maintain order by establishing clear expectations, dont constantly nag
- getting positive outcomes: do give intruction, do give encouragement, do focus on the game, don’t be sarcastic
how has title IX affected the # of women in coaching positions?
women have far fewerer opportinuties in the coaching world than before (reverse effect)
female coaches and marriage
only 42% of females coaches are married while 87% of male coaches are. does not seem to be an issue with women (8th reason for them quitting is home-work balance)
incomplete occupational socialization
condition in which a person has not acquired the knowledge, skills and values to be sucessful at a given job
in coaching, a common predicament in females
an exception to incomplete occupational socialization: who is the better basketball coach, men or women?
women?
trends in the number of females coaches over time?
role conflict
role conflict
* Thought to be the easiest explanation since balancing the multiple demands of teacher, coach, wife and mother is difficult
BUT research shows that male coaches felt more affected by time constraints and resultant conflicts because of family responsibility than female coaches
* “Incompatibility with family life” was the 4th highest reason for men quitting and the 6th highest for women
* 87% of male coaches were married while only 42% of females coaches were
trends in the number of females coaches over time?
incomplete occupational socialization
Most likely because of the lack of expectancy of becoming a coach and of female role models for coaching
trends in the number of females coaches over time?
outright sex discrimination
Research shows that female coaches feel restricted to minor sports, believe their mobility to be limited and generally see coaching as a limited source of job opportunity
* Sex discrimination is alive and well in high school and college athletics
* Homologous reproduction: in sports, the tendency of the person with hiring authority (the athletic director) to hire persons of his or her own gender (the coach) resulting in gender clustering
* Athletic directors = the gatekeepers of the profession of coaching
* 48% of female coaches belong to programs with female athletic directors
* Synonymous to the “good old boy” network
