Exam 6 Intraspecific Interactions

Question 0

The study of geographic ranges

Answer 0

Areography

Question 1

Geographic range size increases with increasing latitude.

Answer 1

Rapaport’s Rule

Question 2

Marine invertebrates have more direct development with increasing latitude.

Answer 2

Thorson’s Rule

Question 3

Marine fish have more vertebrate at higher latitudes. Explanation = bigger fish

Answer 3

Jordan’s Rule

Question 4

Endotherms tend to be more darkly colored in more humid environments.

Answer 4

Gloger’s Rule

Question 5

Limbs and extremities tend to decrease in size in higher latitude endothermic vertebrates.

Answer 5

Allen’s Rule

Question 6

Average body size tends to increase in higher latitudes populations of endothermic vertebrates. Ex. Moose

Answer 6

Bergmann’s Rule

Question 7

Species diversity is usually highest at intermediate levels.

Answer 7

Elevational Gradient

Question 8

Species diversity increases at mid latitudes and decrease into higher or lower latitudes.

Answer 8

Latitudinal Patterns

Question 9

The dissimilarity in species composition between large geographic areas.

Answer 9

Delta Diversity

Question 10

Gamma ➗ alpha diversity

Answer 10

Beta diversity

Question 11

Species richness in a very large geographic area.

Answer 11

Gamma Diversity

Question 12

Species composition changes along an environmental gradient.

Answer 12

Beta Diversity

Question 13

Number of species in a single community.

Answer 13

Alpha Diversity

Question 14

No place to emigrate to. Thus, usual emigrants must stay.

Answer 14

Fence Effect

Question 15

Why does density overcompensation occur?

Answer 15

1) no large species using resources on small islands.
2) few competitors in other taxonomic groups
3) fewer predators and fewer parasites
4) Ocean Islands have more food for small birds
5) more optimal harvest of foods on islands.

Question 16

Total density of an island taxon is higher than that of the related taxonomic group in a large area, even though the larger area has more species in the taxon.

Answer 16

Density Overcompensation

Question 17

The divergence of a feature of two similar species where their ranges overlap so that each uses different resources.

Answer 17

Character Displacement

Question 18

They are good dispersers, thus early colonists, but poor competitors.

Answer 18

Supertramps

Question 19

Good colonists and good competitors, thus widespread distributions.

Answer 19

Widespread

Question 20

Coral reef fishes: Global patterns of origination and dispersal.
Bobby Yang

Answer 20

The East Pacific and Atlantic have a history of isolation, whereas the Indo-Australian archipelago has a history of connectivity.

Question 21

Pleistocene sea level fluctuations and the phylogeography of the dugong in Australian waters.
Ashleigh Glover

Answer 21

Flooding of the Torres Strait land bridge after the last Pleistocene glaciation cycle 7000 years ago allowed previously seperated populations of dugongs to intersperse.

Question 22

Fresh water fish biogeography: history vs. environment vs. species personality.
Jessi Linares

Answer 22

The fish species will form stable relationships and functional fauna ecosystems according to their personalities.

Question 23

Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms.

Brittney Twiford

Answer 23

Northern Hemisphere had major climate changes, Conifers were not very successful in that area.

Question 24

Global biogeography of reef fishes: a hierarchical quantitative delineation of regions.
Kaitlyn Gathright

Answer 24

The biogeography of reef fishes can be separated into three realms: Atlantic, Eastern Tropical Pacific, and Indo-Pacific.

Question 25

Philopatry and Migration of Pacific White Sharks.

Jose Godinez

Answer 25

Pacific White Sharks have a highly predictable migratory behavior.

Question 26

Higher extinction rates of dasyurids on Australo-Papuan continental shelf islands and the zoogeography of New Guinea mammals.
Jasdeep Dhaliwal

Answer 26

Devil face tumor is a real concern and may cause extinction of the species on mainland Tasmania.

Question 27

The invasion window for warm water fish in clear water lakes: role of ultraviolet radiation and temperature.
Lauren Balaoing

Answer 27

UV and temperature conditions control survival of larval bass in the nearshore of Lake Tahoe varying over seasons and gradients.

Question 28

Determining habitat suitability for bumblebees in a mountain system.
Christine Nguyen

Answer 28

Habitat suitability can be used as a baseline approach and help develop conservation planning.

Question 29

Global patterns of freshwater species diversity, threat and endemism.
Jasdeep Takhar

Answer 29

Freshwater species have the most diversity in the tropical zone.

Question 30

The Island Syndrome in Lizards.

Clarissa Torres

Answer 30

Similar productivity rates for both insular and mainland lizards suggests that there are similar constraints on the amount of energy available for reproduction.

Question 31

Geographical variation in hurricane impacts among sea turtle populations.
Ashley Adi

Answer 31

Hurricanes can have major influences on the habitat for sea turtles.

Question 32

Fossil evidence for seasonal calving and migration of extinct blue antelope in Southern Africa.
Jackie Yick

Answer 32

Blue antelope calved and migrated toward areas with more rainfall on a seasonal basis.

Question 33

Neotropical diversification seen through glass frogs.

Bhanupreet Gill

Answer 33

The Centrolenidae family and it’s sister taxa originated in South America and dispersed several times to Central America.

Question 34

Eighty-three lineages that took over the world: a first review of terrestrial cosmopolitan tetrapods.
Faith Howard-Parra

Answer 34

Cosmopolitan lineages of tetrapods result primarily from high dispersal.

Question 35

Mapping global diversity patterns for migratory birds.

Baljit K. Bedi

Answer 35

The highest diversity of migratory bird species is found in the Northern Hemispheres.

Question 36

Infaunal biodiversity and ecological function on a remote oceanic island:
Queen Israel

Answer 36

Infaunal assemblages differ in different areas of the shelf of Lord Howe Island.

Question 37

A case study with two newt species in mainland Spain.

Indarpal Mann

Answer 37

Climate warming had been suggested as a possible direct and indirect cause of decline, some effort has been made to predict its effect on distribution.

Question 38

Taxon cycle stages

Answer 38

Stage 1) initial expansion
Stage 2) ecological and evolutionary specialization
Stage 3) initial contraction
Stage 4) single island endemics