Exam 6 Intraspecific Interactions Flashcards
(39 cards)
The study of geographic ranges
Areography
Geographic range size increases with increasing latitude.
Rapaport’s Rule
Marine invertebrates have more direct development with increasing latitude.
Thorson’s Rule
Marine fish have more vertebrate at higher latitudes. Explanation = bigger fish
Jordan’s Rule
Endotherms tend to be more darkly colored in more humid environments.
Gloger’s Rule
Limbs and extremities tend to decrease in size in higher latitude endothermic vertebrates.
Allen’s Rule
Average body size tends to increase in higher latitudes populations of endothermic vertebrates. Ex. Moose
Bergmann’s Rule
Species diversity is usually highest at intermediate levels.
Elevational Gradient
Species diversity increases at mid latitudes and decrease into higher or lower latitudes.
Latitudinal Patterns
The dissimilarity in species composition between large geographic areas.
Delta Diversity
Gamma ➗ alpha diversity
Beta diversity
Species richness in a very large geographic area.
Gamma Diversity
Species composition changes along an environmental gradient.
Beta Diversity
Number of species in a single community.
Alpha Diversity
No place to emigrate to. Thus, usual emigrants must stay.
Fence Effect
Why does density overcompensation occur?
1) no large species using resources on small islands.
2) few competitors in other taxonomic groups
3) fewer predators and fewer parasites
4) Ocean Islands have more food for small birds
5) more optimal harvest of foods on islands.
Total density of an island taxon is higher than that of the related taxonomic group in a large area, even though the larger area has more species in the taxon.
Density Overcompensation
The divergence of a feature of two similar species where their ranges overlap so that each uses different resources.
Character Displacement
They are good dispersers, thus early colonists, but poor competitors.
Supertramps
Good colonists and good competitors, thus widespread distributions.
Widespread
Coral reef fishes: Global patterns of origination and dispersal.
Bobby Yang
The East Pacific and Atlantic have a history of isolation, whereas the Indo-Australian archipelago has a history of connectivity.
Pleistocene sea level fluctuations and the phylogeography of the dugong in Australian waters.
Ashleigh Glover
Flooding of the Torres Strait land bridge after the last Pleistocene glaciation cycle 7000 years ago allowed previously seperated populations of dugongs to intersperse.
Fresh water fish biogeography: history vs. environment vs. species personality.
Jessi Linares
The fish species will form stable relationships and functional fauna ecosystems according to their personalities.
Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms.
Brittney Twiford
Northern Hemisphere had major climate changes, Conifers were not very successful in that area.
