Chapter 4 Dispersal And Immigration

Question 0

Spatial distribution of a population.

Answer 0

Dispersion

Question 1

Movement of organisms away from their point of origin.

Answer 1

Dispersal

Question 2

Seasonal movements between two or more locations.

Answer 2

Migration

Question 3

Fundamental pressures in biogeography.

Answer 3

Evolution - adapt
Extinction - die
Dispersal - move

Question 4

Gradual expansion. Establishment at or near boundaries.

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

Long distance dispersal. Organisms are successfully crossing barriers.

Answer 5

Jump Dispersal

Question 6

Very slow range expansion in which new species evolve in route.

Answer 6

Secular Migration

Question 7

Active movement. Usually relatively large animals. Dispersal through flight, swimming, or walking.

Answer 7

Vagility

Question 8

Passive dispersal. Includes seed dispersal of plants through windblown, adherent, dehiscent, or fleshy fruits. Spores, cysts, planktonic stages, rafts, phoresy.

Answer 8

Pagility

Question 9

A commensal relationship where the primary benefit is transportation of one organism by the other. (not including parasites)

Answer 9

Phoresy

Question 10

Any biotic or abiotic feature that totally or partially restricts movement from one location to another.

Answer 10

Barriers

Question 11

Abiotic factors restricting movement. Ex: salt vs freshwater, land vs water, cold vs warm temp.

Answer 11

Physiological barriers

Question 12

Species strongly prefers a certain habitat. May be able to physically cross barrier but choose not to.

Answer 12

Psychological Barriers

Question 13

Predation and competition restricting dispersal.

Answer 13

Biotic Barriers

Question 14

Dispersal route that allows many taxa to cross. Ex: land bridge or valley (Beringia) any continuous biomass.

Answer 14

Corridor

Question 15

Dispersal route that some species can cross, but moderately to severely difficult for other species to cross.
Number of species declines as you go through. Ex: island chains

Answer 15

Filter

Question 16

Dispersal route that is unlikely to be crossed by any species because it involves crossing a significant barrier.

Answer 16

Sweepstakes Route

Question 17

Unit necessary to start a new colony.

Answer 17

Propagule

Question 18

Produces viable seeds from unfertilized ovules. (Dandelions)

Answer 18

Apomictic

Question 19

All are females and produce female offspring asexually. (Some fish, amphibians, reptiles, and geckos on some islands.)

Answer 19

Parthenogenetic

Question 20

Worldwide or nearly. Taxa that are very widespread. (Some whales, Peregrine falcon, duckweed, daphnia)

Answer 20

Cosmopolitan

Question 21

A taxon occurs only in one geographic area and nowhere else. Commonly occurring on islands. (Galapagos Tortoises)

Answer 21

Endemic

Question 22

An endemic group evolved within an area.

Answer 22

Autochthonous

Question 23

Endemic group evolved and then moved into an area.

Answer 23

Allochthonous

Question 24

A taxon that was once widespread and now only occurs in a small area.

Answer 24

Biogeographic Relict

Question 25

A taxon that was a part of a much more diverse group, but now is a sole survivor. (Ginkgo biloba)

Answer 25

Taxonomic Relict

Question 26

Taxon that is endemic for a very long time.

Answer 26

Paleoendemic

Question 27

Taxon that has recently become endemic. (Bristlecone Pine)

Answer 27

Neoendemic

Question 28

When several different groups are endemic to the same area.

Answer 28

Provincialism

Question 29

Zoogeographic region of North America

Answer 29

Nearctic

Question 30

Zoogeographic region of Europe, Asia, and North Africa

Answer 30

Palearctic

Question 31

Zoogeographic region of Nearctic and Palearctic together.

Answer 31

Holarctic

Question 32

Zoogeographic region of Central America and South America.

Answer 32

Neotropical

Question 33

Zoogeographic region of Africa below the Sahara Desert and Madagascar.

Answer 33

Ethiopian

Question 34

Zoogeographic region of Southeast Asia and adjoining continental islands.

Answer 34

Oriental

Question 35

Zoogeographic region of Australian continent and Oceania regions.

Answer 35

Australia

Question 36

Phytogeographic region of Nearctic and Palearctic (Laurasia)

Answer 36

Holarctic Realm

Question 37

Phytogeographic region of Eastern Gondwanaland

Answer 37

Holotropical Realm

Question 38

Phytogeographic region of Western Gondwanaland

Answer 38

Austral Realm

Question 39

Island that never has a continental connection, formed at hotspots, trenches, or ridges.

Answer 39

Oceanic

Question 40

Island that was connected with continents and either broke off or connected in low water times.

Answer 40

Continental Island

Question 41

A taxon occurs in two or more widely separated areas.

Answer 41

Disjunction