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Biogeography > Chapter 4 Dispersal And Immigration > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Dispersal And Immigration Flashcards

0
Q

Spatial distribution of a population.

A

Dispersion

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1
Q

Movement of organisms away from their point of origin.

A

Dispersal

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2
Q

Seasonal movements between two or more locations.

A

Migration

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3
Q

Fundamental pressures in biogeography.

A

Evolution - adapt
Extinction - die
Dispersal - move

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4
Q

Gradual expansion. Establishment at or near boundaries.

A

Diffusion

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5
Q

Long distance dispersal. Organisms are successfully crossing barriers.

A

Jump Dispersal

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6
Q

Very slow range expansion in which new species evolve in route.

A

Secular Migration

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7
Q

Active movement. Usually relatively large animals. Dispersal through flight, swimming, or walking.

A

Vagility

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8
Q

Passive dispersal. Includes seed dispersal of plants through windblown, adherent, dehiscent, or fleshy fruits. Spores, cysts, planktonic stages, rafts, phoresy.

A

Pagility

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9
Q

A commensal relationship where the primary benefit is transportation of one organism by the other. (not including parasites)

A

Phoresy

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10
Q

Any biotic or abiotic feature that totally or partially restricts movement from one location to another.

A

Barriers

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11
Q

Abiotic factors restricting movement. Ex: salt vs freshwater, land vs water, cold vs warm temp.

A

Physiological barriers

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12
Q

Species strongly prefers a certain habitat. May be able to physically cross barrier but choose not to.

A

Psychological Barriers

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13
Q

Predation and competition restricting dispersal.

A

Biotic Barriers

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14
Q

Dispersal route that allows many taxa to cross. Ex: land bridge or valley (Beringia) any continuous biomass.

A

Corridor

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15
Q

Dispersal route that some species can cross, but moderately to severely difficult for other species to cross.
Number of species declines as you go through. Ex: island chains

A

Filter

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16
Q

Dispersal route that is unlikely to be crossed by any species because it involves crossing a significant barrier.

A

Sweepstakes Route

17
Q

Unit necessary to start a new colony.

A

Propagule

18
Q

Produces viable seeds from unfertilized ovules. (Dandelions)

A

Apomictic

19
Q

All are females and produce female offspring asexually. (Some fish, amphibians, reptiles, and geckos on some islands.)

A

Parthenogenetic

20
Q

Worldwide or nearly. Taxa that are very widespread. (Some whales, Peregrine falcon, duckweed, daphnia)

A

Cosmopolitan

21
Q

A taxon occurs only in one geographic area and nowhere else. Commonly occurring on islands. (Galapagos Tortoises)

A

Endemic

22
Q

An endemic group evolved within an area.

A

Autochthonous

23
Q

Endemic group evolved and then moved into an area.

A

Allochthonous

24
Q

A taxon that was once widespread and now only occurs in a small area.

A

Biogeographic Relict

25
Q

A taxon that was a part of a much more diverse group, but now is a sole survivor. (Ginkgo biloba)

A

Taxonomic Relict

26
Q

Taxon that is endemic for a very long time.

A

Paleoendemic

27
Q

Taxon that has recently become endemic. (Bristlecone Pine)

A

Neoendemic

28
Q

When several different groups are endemic to the same area.

A

Provincialism

29
Q

Zoogeographic region of North America

A

Nearctic

30
Q

Zoogeographic region of Europe, Asia, and North Africa

A

Palearctic

31
Q

Zoogeographic region of Nearctic and Palearctic together.

A

Holarctic

32
Q

Zoogeographic region of Central America and South America.

A

Neotropical

33
Q

Zoogeographic region of Africa below the Sahara Desert and Madagascar.

A

Ethiopian

34
Q

Zoogeographic region of Southeast Asia and adjoining continental islands.

A

Oriental

35
Q

Zoogeographic region of Australian continent and Oceania regions.

A

Australia

36
Q

Phytogeographic region of Nearctic and Palearctic (Laurasia)

A

Holarctic Realm

37
Q

Phytogeographic region of Eastern Gondwanaland

A

Holotropical Realm

38
Q

Phytogeographic region of Western Gondwanaland

A

Austral Realm

39
Q

Island that never has a continental connection, formed at hotspots, trenches, or ridges.

A

Oceanic

40
Q

Island that was connected with continents and either broke off or connected in low water times.

A

Continental Island

41
Q

A taxon occurs in two or more widely separated areas.

A

Disjunction

Biogeography (4 decks)

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