Exam 6 codon terms

Question 1

in humans, females are __ chromosomes and males are __ chromosomes

Answer 1

female: XX
males: XY

Question 2

since males have one X they are

Answer 2

haploid for X-linked genes with having loss of function allele produces the “recessive” phenotype

Question 3

since females have two alleles of each gene on the X chromosome, heterozygous females…

Answer 3

don’t show the loss of function phenotype

Question 4

wild type

Answer 4

the most common version of an allele or phenotype, opposed to a low-fitness form

Question 5

co-dominant alleles

Answer 5

heterozygotes have the phenotype associated with both alleles present
-both expressed

Question 6

loss of function allele

Answer 6

alleles that lead to a protein or RNA product that cannot function normally or is completely absent

Question 7

autosome

Answer 7

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 8

sex-linked genes

Answer 8

genes found on a sex chromosome

Question 9

linked genes

Answer 9

genes found on the same chromosome

Question 10

evolution is the process by natural selection in 3 processes…

Answer 10

1) heritable variation exists in populations (variety in alleles)
2) not all of the population produce same viable offspring (some alleles have higher fitness)
3) frequencies of alleles change because some alleles lead to more or fewer offspring

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

process that changes allele frequencies when some traits are associated with different levels of reproductive success

Question 12

evolution

Answer 12

change in allele frequencies

Question 13

directional selection

Answer 13

natural selection that favors an extreme phenotype

Question 14

stabilizing selection

Answer 14

natural selection that favors the average phenotype against the extreme phenotype