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ABG and Mannuals exam > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

Reason to for obtaining blood gases

A
  1. to determine the acid base state of the patient

2. to determine how well oxygen

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2
Q

Parameters in ABG

A

PCO2: respiratory influences
HCO3: metabolic

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3
Q

Amperometic measurements

A

pO2, Glucose, Lactate

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4
Q

penetentiometeric

A

pH, pCO2, Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl,

- ISE

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5
Q

Hemoglobin

A

visual

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6
Q

Derived measurements

A

Total CO2

Base excess

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7
Q

Specimen Requirements for ABG/VBG

A

arterial or venous blood

  • pulsator syringe
  • peds abg
  • dry heparin syringe
  • 15 min room temp
  • 30 min ice
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8
Q

Whole Blood profile

A
  • dry heparin syringe

- rt 15 mins

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9
Q

Capillary gas

A

AVL microsampler

- 30 min rt no ice

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10
Q

CO OX

A 
Sodium heparin vacutainer
- sodium heparin microtainer
-Anerobic pulsator syringe
- specimen handling
-- 15 min rt
-- 30 min ice
COHgb:  roomtemp or 2-8 for 5 days
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11
Q

ICAL

A

dry heparin syringe

- AVL microsampler device 1 hr rt or 6 hr on ice

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12
Q

Allens test

A

test performed to ensure that the hand has viable blood flow if damage to artery is damaged

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13
Q

Blood gas inaccuracy

A

sending venous sample and calling it an arterial blood

- Po2 less than 65 and o2 saturation less than 80

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14
Q

mechanisms for compensation of resiratory Acidosis/ alkalosis

A

acidosis: (pCO2 is increased) increase the bicarb by the kidneys excreting more acid and less bicarb
alkalosis: (pCO2 decreased) decrease the bicarb: excreting less acid and more bicarb

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15
Q

mechanisms for compensation of metabolic

A

acidosis: ( decreased bicarb) decrease the PCO2 by hyperventilation
alkalosis: ( increased bicarb) increase the PCO2 by hypOventilation

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16
Q

disease associated with Respiratory acidosis

A
  • sedative overdose

- pulmonary embolism

17
Q

Diseases associated with Respiratory alkalosis

A
  • CNS pain
  • anxiety and panic disorder
  • hypoxemia
18
Q

Disease associated with metabolic acidosis

A
  • lactic acidosis
  • ketoacidosis
    • diarrea or intestinal losses
19
Q

diseases associated with metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Vomiting/nasogastric suction
  • massive diuresis
  • hypokalemia
20
Q

right shift of hemoglobin affinity

A

increased: temp, pCO2, 2-3 DPG
decreased PH
- decreased affinity

21
Q

left shift hemoglobin affinity

A

increased: pH
decrease temp, PCO2, 2-3 dpg
- increased affinity

22
Q

hypoxia

A

decreased oxygen

- involves SO2 and PO2

23
Q

parameters measured in CO OX

A

optical absorbance of sample that measures hemoglobin and it derivatives

24
Q

What does a CO OX measure

A
  • total hemoglobin
  • Oxyhemoglobin
  • deoxyhemoglobin
  • methemoglobin
  • carboxyhemoglobin
25
Q

abnormal results

A
  • methemoglobin - cytochrome b5 deficiency

- carbonmonoxide posioning

26
Q

Clinical used for an uring osmolgap

A

increased output: primary polydipsia-> compulsion to drink water
diabetes insipidis and mellitus
decreased output: dehydration, acute tubular injury

27
Q

Clinical used for a serum osmol gap

A
  • screening toxins: alcohols and glycols
  • monitoring osmolitacally active agents: mannitol
  • evaluating hypanatremia: exclusion of pseudo hypanatremia amd pressure of other osmostic agens
28
Q

Calcuating serum osmolity

A

2 X NA + (glu/18)+(BUN/2.8)

normal between 280 and 300

29
Q

osmol gap

A

the difference between the measured and calculated ions

  • MUDPILES
  • -methanol
  • -uremia
    • diabetes
    • parahylde
    • isopropanol
    • lactate
    • ethanol
    • salicylates
30
Q

FFN

A

fetal fibrinectin

- if negative less than 1% chance of giving birth in the next 14 days

31
Q

TEG

A

evaluates coagulation and clot formation of bllod

32
Q

R time

A

time it takes for the initial fibrin formation

- checks plasma

33
Q

K

A

speed at which the clot reaches a certain level of strength

34
Q

alpha

A

measures the rapidity of fibrin buildip and crosslinking strength
- measures cryoprecipitate

35
Q

MA

A

strength of the clot

- checks the platelets

36
Q

Ly30

A

clot lysis

- drugs tranexamic/ amicar

ABG and Mannuals exam (2 decks)

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