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NUR 216: Health Assessment > Exam 5 Study Guide: Q > Flashcards

Exam 5 Study Guide: Q Flashcards

1
Q

what is it called when a patient is getting up all night to urinate?

A

nocturia

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2
Q

what are expected characteristics of urine?

A

clear yellow
no foul smell

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3
Q

is genital herpes painful?

A

yes

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4
Q

are genital warts painful?

A

no

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5
Q

during GU exam, a patient reports labia tenderness

is it an expected finding?

A

no
labia is usually darker than overall skin tone but should be nontender

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6
Q

when educating a client on safe sex, should they use a condom?

A

yes

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7
Q

can a condom be used twice?

A

no

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8
Q

can a diaphragm prevent STIs?

A

no

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9
Q

can someone still have an STI if they are symptom free?

A

yes

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10
Q

a client with tremors and psychosis likely have what?

A

neuro or late-stage syphilis

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11
Q

what is the goal of a head-to-toe assessment?

A

gather information thoroughly, accurately, and efficiently

does not prevent anything, not trying to go as quick as possible, not trying to make it easy to document

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12
Q

if a female is on birth control, will that prevent STIs?

A

no

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13
Q

why shouldn’t a client who smokes take birth control pills?

A

causes blood clots, PE, and death

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14
Q

what are important interventions when taking birth control pills?

A

take them at the same time every day

watch for abnormal bleeding

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15
Q

if a patient says they only check for lumps around areola and nipple, do they understand teaching about self-breast exams?

A

no
must use the pads of your 3 middle fingers to assess breast, nipple, areola, and the tail of spence, including the axilla

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16
Q

when is the best time to perform a self-breast exam?

A

4 - 7 days after menstrual cycle begins
- - breast tissue will be less full and tender

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17
Q

where is the most common location of breast lesions?

A

the upper outer quadrant and the tail of spence

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18
Q

does a family hx of breast cancer increase a client’s risk for breast cancer?

A

yes

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19
Q

a nipple that changes from protruded to inverted can be a sign of what?

A

benign or cancerous mass in the breast
- - must be reported to doctor

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20
Q

what are normal findings of a breast exam?

A
  • left breast can be slightly larger than the right
  • might have some striae
  • pregnant women can have blue veins visible under the skin
  • nipples should be symmetrical and on the same plane
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21
Q

what could cause the nipples to be asymmetric?

A
  • underlying cancer may cause fibrosis in mammary ducts
    • which pulls the nipple angle toward it
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22
Q

why do females get mammograms?

A

to detect early breast cancer

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23
Q

lymphedema with NO pain in the upper limb can be seen in which patients?

A

those that had a previous mastectomy on that side from the disruption of normal pathways of the lymph drainage from the breast area

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24
Q

what is the appearance of lymphedema?

A

swelling without pain
still able to palpate a pulse
not leathery
does not cause wounds

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25
Q

what is lymphedema or lymphatic obstruction?

A

long-term condition where excess fluid collects in tissues causing swelling (edema), typically caused by a blockage of lymphatic system

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26
Q

where does lymphedema or lymphatic obstruction typically occur?

A

the lymphatic system
- it is part of the immune system and vital for immune function

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27
Q

if a patient had a previous mastectomy, avoid BP and IVC on the affected arm.

if they had a bilateral mastectomy, where can you obtain a blood pressure?

A

thigh
calf
ankle

avoid using the upper limbs due to lymphatic system disruption

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28
Q

what is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

detect and eliminate microorganisms from the body

  • also absorbs lipids from the small intestine and reabsorbs fluid from interstitial tissues
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29
Q

what can palpable lymph nodes indicate?

A

systemic infection or malignancy

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30
Q

the absence of menstrual period for 13 months in a 50 yo woman indicates what condition?

A

menopause
- occurs around 45 - 55 yo when a menstrual period has not occurred in more than a year

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31
Q

what is gynecomastia?

A

enlarged male breast tissues

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32
Q

what are some causes of gynecomastia?

A

medications
disease
an adolescent with weight gain

33
Q

what is tanner staging?

A

assessed sexual maturation in males and females

    • objective classification system that providers use to document and track the development and sequence of secondary sex characteristics of children during puberty
34
Q

what structures are in the urinary tract?

A

bladder
kidney
ureters
urethra

35
Q

where can you palpate the bladder?

A

palpable below umbilicus above symphysis pubis along midline

  • not rigid/nodular or at umbilicus
  • if distended and they complain of pain, DONT palpate or use bladder scanner
36
Q

what is the position used for female genitourinary exam?

A

lithotomy position

clients feet in stirrups to assist provider with external internal exam

have client void prior to exam and keep the head of bed elevated

37
Q

what are important points to remember when performing a female GU exam?

A
  • maintain professional boundaries
  • explain things before you start
  • ask if they have any questions before starting
  • maintain privacy
  • use therapeutic communication throughout exam
38
Q

what are expected findings on a female GU exam?

A
  • labia minora is darker than the overall skin tone
  • perineum is smooth
  • introitus has uneven edges d/t remnants of a hymen membrane
  • should be nontender
39
Q

what are prep instructions for a patient preparing for a pep smear?

A
  • avoid anything in the vagina for 2 days prior

no douching or sexual intercourse
reschedule if have menses

40
Q

does pap smear test for STDs?

A

no

41
Q

what are expected findings on a testicular exam?

A

smooth
firm
common for one to be lower than the other

42
Q

how should a client perform a testicular self-exam?

A
  • perform after a warm shower
  • roll the testicle between the thumb and finger
  • palpate using thumb and first 2 fingers of the hand
  • gentle, NOT firm palpation
  • not 2 fingers on each hand
43
Q

when there is an older client with a UTI, what are expected findings?

A

confusion
urinary incontinence

44
Q

what are signs of a UTI?

A
  • painful urination
  • malodorous urine
  • cloudy appearance of the urine
45
Q

what causes older adults to have decreased control of the anal opening?

A

weakened perianal muscles
- which is an expected change

46
Q

what are questions to ask when a client has difficulty emptying their bladder?

A
  • does it burn when you urinate?
  • what color is your urine?
  • how often do you urinate?
47
Q

how can prostatomegaly affect urinary catheter placement?

A
  • causes restriction of the urethra making it difficult to advance the catheter
  • should stop advancing cath and use coude catheter
48
Q

what are symptoms of BPH? (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

A
  • weak urine stream
  • inability to empty bladder
  • difficulty starting urination
  • dribbling urine and nocturia
49
Q

trouble advancing foley on male could be due to what condtion?

A
  • enlarged prostate (BPH)

not because not enough lube or catheter too large/small

50
Q

what are primary prevention measures against STIs?

A

HPV vaccine for females and males
condoms
abstinence

51
Q

a chancre sore is specific to which infection?

A

syphilis
- silvery raised patch

52
Q

what is neurosyphilis and symptoms of it?

A
  • occurs in late syphilis
  • causes:
    • paresis
    • tremors
    • personality changes
    • psychosis
53
Q

a patient comes in complaining of yellow green discharge, pain with urination, and pelvic pain

you suspect what condition?

A

gonorrhea

54
Q

cluster of fluid filled vesicles?

A

herpes

55
Q

small, painful fluid-filled vesicles that break and become superficial ulcers?

A

genital herpes

56
Q

what condition causes small, painless, fleshy growths that may appear singularly or in clusters?

A

genital warts

57
Q

what are symptoms of chlamydia?

A
  • symptom free
  • yellow, purulent discharge
  • frequent urination
58
Q

what are important interventions for general herpes?

A
  • keep area clean and dry
  • avoid tight clothing (cotton is best)
  • take medication as directed
  • avoid sex during breakout
  • practice safe sex
59
Q

what causes bright-red blood stool and rectal itching?

A

hemorrhoids

60
Q

what is rectal prolapse and symptoms of it?

A
  • caused by a protrusion of the rectal wall through the anal opening
  • bulging, moist, red, ringed-shaped membrane at the anal opening
61
Q

what condition causes tarry black stools (melena)?

A

a upper GI bleed

62
Q

inspecting perineum, you see a red, bulging, moist structure at ring opening, what is this called?

A

rectal prolapse

63
Q

what is it called when an uncircumcised patient can’t retract the foreskin, becomes swollen, and is painful?

A

phimosis

64
Q

painful sustained erection without sexual desire?

common with sickle cell anemia

A

priapism

65
Q

what is the recommended age to begin colorectal screening?

A

50 years old

if there is a family hx of colorectal cancer
- know age when diagnosed and report to provider

66
Q

what position is best for accentuating retraction of breast tissue?

A

hands pressed on hips

67
Q

a patient with cardiac disease is taking digoxin.

how might this affect his breast?

A

gynecomastia

68
Q

when palpating the central nodes, the nurse palpates?

A

high in the middle of the axilla

69
Q

the nurse is inspecting the external genitalia of a premenopausal woman, what would be the normal color of the cervix?

A

pink

70
Q

what is the normal pubic hair distribution of a 25 yo female client?

A

inverse triangle

71
Q

a 25 yo female client presents in the ED with the chief complaint of lower abdominal pain.
what question would be most appropriate to identify a gynecological problem?

A

when was your last menstrual period?

72
Q

the nurse is performing a pelvic exam on a 33 yo female client who is 10 weeks pregnant.
what would be the expected color of the cervix?

A

blue

73
Q

a 30 yo female client is schedule for her annual gynecological exam, which includes a PAP test.
the PAP test is a screening test for?

A

cervical cancer

74
Q

a 25 yo male client reports finding a lump in right testicle.
which finding describes normal consistency of the testes?

A

firm

75
Q

the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is a screening test for?

A

prostate cancer

76
Q

on examination of the penis, the nurse notes a single, white, painless lesion.
the lesion described most likely is?

A

syphilis

77
Q

while performing a newborn assessment on a baby boy, the nurse noted scrotal swelling.
this is referred to as?

A

hydrocele

78
Q

the nurse is performing a cancer risk assessment and promoting cancer screenings at a health fair.
a 55 yo male seeking health information has never been screened for prostate cancer.
what is the recommended age for prostate cancer screening?

A

50 yo

NUR 216: Health Assessment (7 decks)

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