Exam 5 Study Guide

Question 1

Who proposed the storm and stress view of adolescence?

Answer 1

Stanley Hall

Question 2

What states that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?

Answer 2

storm and stress view

Question 3

What is the brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for rapid physical changes to take place (the most notable changes include sexual maturation and increase in height and weight)?

Answer 3

puberty

Question 4

How do testosterone and estradiol change in boys and girls during puberty?

Answer 4

testosterone: increases 18-fold in boys but only 2-fold in girls
estradiol: increases 8-fold in girls but only 2-fold in boys

Question 5

What is the endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands?

Answer 5

pituitary gland

Question 6

What roles does the pituitary gland play during puberty?

Answer 6

-sends signals via gonadotropins to the appropriate gland to manufacture hormones that give rise to changes, such as the production of sperm in males and menstruation and the release of eggs from ovaries in females
-through interaction with the hypothalamus, detects when the optimal level of hormones is reached and responds and maintains it with additional gonadotropic secretion
-through interaction with the hypothalamus, secretes hormones that either directly lead to growth and skeletal maturation or produce growth effects through interaction with the thyroid gland

Question 7

What are the glands, controlled and regulated by the pituitary gland, that are particularly important in pubertal changes?

Answer 7

gonads

Question 8

What are the gonads in males?

Answer 8

testes

Question 9

What are the gonads in females?

Answer 9

ovaries

Question 10

What is the overall relationship between internet/social media usage and body image?

Answer 10

girls and women tend to have a more negative body image when they identify with an ideal social media portrayal

Question 11

What is the structure where nerve fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres? It thickens during adolescence, improving the ability to process information.

Answer 11

corpus callosum

Question 12

Which structure is involved in reasoning, decision-making, and self-control and is still maturing until about 18-25 years old (or later)?

Answer 12

prefrontal cortex

Question 13

Which limbic system structure matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex and is almost completely developed by early adolescence? It is especially involved in emotion.

Answer 13

amygdala