Exam #5 (Epistemology)

Question 1

The philisophy study of knowledge that systemically invesgiates whether, how, and to what extent we know things

Answer 1

Epistemology

Question 2

Whether a claim realted to reality happens to be true

Answer 2

Propostional knowledge

Question 3

The view we lack knowledge in some fundmental way

Answer 3

Skepticism

Question 4

Some truths are objective and exist independent of our awareness or belief

Answer 4

Cognitive Realism

Question 5

There are no objective truths; what we call truth is relative to either the individal’s personal beliefs (subejctive relavtivism) or the previaling beliefs of the culture (culteral relativism)

Answer 5

Cognitive Relativism

Question 6

Knowledge derived by reason independent of sensory experience

Answer 6

A priori

Question 7

Knowledge derived through sensory experience

Answer 7

A posteriori

Question 8

Belief that knowledge can be gained a priori

Answer 8

Rationalism

Question 9

Belief that knowledge can only be gained a posteriori

Answer 9

Empiricism

Question 10

Plato, Rene Descartes, Benedict Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz

Answer 10

Rationalist Philsophers

Question 11

John Locke (sensory empiricism), George Berkeley (subejctive idealism), David Hume (skepticism), Immanuel Kant (synthetic a priori)

Answer 11

Empiricist Philsophers

Question 12

A logical truth whose denial results in a contradiction

Answer 12

Analytic statement

Question 13

______ which is sensory data interpreted by innate mental concepts

Answer 13

Phenomena

Question 14

The world outside our senses is callled ______, and its reality is beyond our knowledge

Answer 14

Noumena

Question 15

We obtain knowledge, ______ said, becuase our thinking is framed by fundamental concepts that guarantee our epxerience will take a predetermined form

Answer 15

Kant

Question 16

________ hold that we have knowledge, that skepticism is false and that through reaosn we can come to know that most important truths of reality

Answer 16

Rationalists

Question 17

_____ deduced that we must be able to acquire knowledge becuase we can identify false beliefs and we can grasp mathematical, conceptual, and logical truths

Answer 17

Plato

Question 18

Father of modern philisophy, rationalist

Answer 18

Rene Descartes

Question 19

Plans to destory all previous foundations of belief in order to discover what is really true

Answer 19

Meditation One

Question 20

Cogito, ergo sum: I think, therefore I am

Answer 20

Meditation Two

Question 21

_____ an empiricist who rejects skepticism, favorite phrase is esse est percipi “to be is to be perceived”

Answer 21

George Berkeley

Question 22

______ insists that knowledge is of two kinds: “relations of ideas” (a priori) derieved from reason and “matters of fact” (a posteriori) based entirely on sense experience

Answer 22

David Hume

Question 23

Hume says experiences are made of perceptions, or sense data, which are divided into: a) _____; and b)

Answer 23

impressions, which is what we vividly and directly experience ; ideas, which are less vivid throughts and reflections about our impressions

Question 25

Hume says this association is based on ____ or ____ but does not consider this to be knowledge

Answer 25

habit ; custom