exam 5 chapter 11 Flashcards
Psychoanalytic
Emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and the influence of early childhood experience
Humanistic
emphasizing the self and fulfillment of a person’s unique potential
Social cognitive
emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive process, including the importance of beliefs about self-goal setting, and self-regulation
Trait
emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals
Id
easily made conscious
Ego
component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world
Superego
component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules
pleasure principle
the fundamental human motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort
reality principle
is the capacity to postpone gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist in the external world
Defense: Repression
the unconscious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness
Defense :Displacement
the defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous
Defence: Rationalization
justifying one’s actions with socially acceptable explanations rather than consciously acknowledging one’s true motives or desires
Oral: birth- 1 ½
pleasure centers around the mouth
Anal: 1 ½- 3
controlling bodily functions
Phallic: 3-6
beginning of sexual feelings
Latency: 6-puberty
sexuality is repressed, same-sex friendships
Genital: puberty-adulthood
sexual feelings re-emerge towards others
Karen Horney, womb envy
men compensate for their relatively minor role in reproduction by constantly striving to make creative achievements in their work
Conditional regard
the sense that one is valued and loved only when they behave in a way that is acceptable to others
Unconditional Regard
the sense that one will be valued and loved even if they don’t conform to the standards and expectations of others
Reciprocal determinism
banduras model that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
Self-efficacy
the beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation; feelings of self-confidence
Neuroticism
refers to a person’s predisposition to become emotionally upset, while stability reflects a person’s predisposition to be emotionally even
Psychoticism
a person high on this trait can be antisocial, cold, and hostile. If low, one can be warm and caring
Projective Test
is a type of personality test that involves a person’s interpreting ambiguous image
Rorschach Inkblot Test
A projective test using inkblots. 10 cards, 5 that show black/white and 5 colors
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders; used to assess both normal and disturbed populations
Openness to experience
Lows: Down to earth, conventional
Highs: Creative
Conscientiousness
Lows: Lazy, aimless
Highs: Hardworking
Extraversion
Lows: Loner, reserved
Highs: affectionate
Agreeableness
Lows: Ruthless, antagonistic
Highs: trusting
Neuroticism
Lows: Hardy
Highs: Vulnerable
