Exam 5- Addiction Flashcards
addiction=
compulsive drug used despite negative social, economic or medical consequences
tobacco and addiction
=MOST ADDICTIVE DRUG
nicotine replacement treatment goals
- treatment aimed at blocking reward
- not very effective
nicotine replacement drugs
varenicline
bupropion
varenicline
=blocks nicotine reward
=nicotine receptor partial agonist
-if taken with nicotine the DA response won’t be as high
- 1 year abstinent rate of ~25%
bupropion
=blocks nicotine reward =atypical antidepressant -inhibits the uptake of NE and DA ∴ stabilizes their levels w/out nicotine -1 yr abstinent rate of 22% ...maybe actually blocking the triggers of smoking
heroin
= mu opoid receptor agonist
- (-) GABA neurons that normally (-) DA neurons
∴ lots more DA around
heroin addiction cycles
- people get tolerant (enzymes up regulated)
- ”” dependent (set points change)
- withdrawal is awful - hyperthermia, dysphoria, diarrhea, vomiting, hyperventilation
naltrexone and general anesthesia
used to detox from heroin
- mu opioid receptor antagonist
- rapid detox
methadone
used to detox form heroin
- mu opoid receptor (full) agonist
- safer than heroin so we switch dependence to it
- longer lasting drug
clonidine
used for heroin detox
- heroin withdrawal elicits SNS activation
- clonidine (+) alpha 2 receptors and tempers SNS response
alcohol’s CNS effects
- increases levels of endogenous opioids
- inhibits glutamatergic (excitatory) NMDA receptors
- augments GABAa receptor activation
alcohol withdrawal
- hyperexcitable state- anxious, insomnia…
- up to a week … can be fatal
- often relapse in 3 mo.
alcohol detox drugs
diazepam=long acting sedative
-fascilitates GABA binding to GABAa
carbamazepine= antiseizure
-prolongs inactive state of Na+ channels
alcohol relapse prevention drug
=blocks reward
disulfiram
=blocks acedaldehyde dehydrogenase ∴ nausea with alcohol
naltrexone
=opioid receptor antagonist
=blocks endogenous reward system
(don’t use with disulfiram - hepatotoxic)
