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Thompson Exam 4 and 5 > Exam 5 4.20 Pulmonary.Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 5 4.20 Pulmonary.Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pic with info about COPD

A
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2
Q

Chart with COPD stages and FEV1 and FVC values

A
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3
Q

Pulmonary Acidosis (3)

A
  • ˜Respiratory acidosis – when pulmonary ventilation ↓, CO2 ↑, which ↑hydrogen and carbonic acid
  • ˜Results in hypoxia
  • ˜Diaphoresis, shallow rapid breathing, restlessness, cyanosis, cardiac arrhythmias
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4
Q

When there is Too Much O2 Supplement

A
  • ˜Oxygen level in blood, rather than CO2, becomes primary driver of respiration
  • ˜May actually elevate CO2 and ↑ respiratory acidosis
  • ˜Oxygen dosage should be determined by arterial blood gases
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5
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A
  • ˜Respiratory alkalosis – ↑respiratory rate and depth (hyperventilation), CO2 ↓, which ↓ hydrogen and carbonic acid
  • ˜Need to slow down breathing, rebreathing mask or paper bag, pain control
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6
Q

List common pulmonary pathology and injury

A
  • ˜Bronchiectasis
  • ˜Occupational lung diseases
  • ˜Pulmonary embolism
  • Cor pulmonale
  • ˜Pulmonary artery hypertension
  • Pleurisy
  • Pneumothorax
  • ˜Hypercapnia
  • ˜Hypoxia
  • Hypoxemia
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7
Q

Basic info about Bronchiectasis

A

˜progressive, obstructive condition, usually caused by repeated infections and irritants (smoking)

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8
Q

Basic S/S of Pulmonary embolism (5)

A
  • ˜dyspnea
  • pleuritic pain
  • persistent cough
  • hemoptysis
  • fever
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9
Q

Basic info on Cor pulmonale

A

˜R sided heart failure – cough, chest pain, peripheral edema, dyspnea, distention of neck veins, wheezing

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10
Q

Basic info about Pulmonary artery hypertension

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • may be due to sleep apnea
  • emboli
  • may have no early symptoms
  • chest pain
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
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11
Q

Basic info about Pleurisy

A

˜inflammation of pleura, may be infection, post-op, injury

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12
Q

Basic info about Pneumothorax

A

˜free air in pleural cavity – post-op, scuba divers, can be spontaneous

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13
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

˜↑ CO2 retention

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14
Q

What is Hypoxia?

A

˜inadequate oxygenation at tissue level

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15
Q

What is Hypoxemia?

A
  • ˜arterial O2 is below normal
  • May be caused by, among other reasons:
    • O2 delivery to lungs
    • Diffusion ability across alveoli and capillary
    • Perfusion of capillaries
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16
Q

Causes for Failed ventilation/perfusion

A
  • Acute Respiratory Failure
    • Post-op respiratory failure
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Aspiration
  • Atelectasis
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Pleural abnormalities
    • Pneumothorax
    • Pleural effusion
    • Empyema- collection of pus in lung pleura
  • Chest wall restrictions
  • Flail chest
17
Q

Things you may see with Chronic Bronchitis and Asthma

A
  • ˜FEV1 -decrease
  • ˜FEV1/FVC -decrease
  • ˜FVC- Same or lower
  • ˜Damage to endothelium of lung initiates inflammation
  • Cilia paralysis
  • Thick mucus production
  • Hypertrophy of mucus glands
  • Thickened basement membrane
  • Bronchospasm
  • Increased physiological dead space
18
Q

What happens to the pulmonary system as we age?

A
  • ˜Loss of elastic recoil
  • ˜Stiffening of the chest wall
  • ˜Alterations in gas exchange
  • ˜Increases in flow resistance
  • ˜Decreased exercise tolerance
19
Q

General info about Pertussis

A

˜Whooping cough - severe hacking cough and high-pitched wheeze

Highly contagious, preventable through vaccination

20
Q

How does supplemental O2 work?

A

˜Can be delivered through an oxygen concentrator, which converts room air into concentrated pure O2 for portable use

21
Q

What is CPAP?

A
  • ˜Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • ˜Delivers mild air pressure to keep airways open, used for sleep apnea
  • ˜humidified
22
Q

What is BiPAP?

A
  • ˜Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
  • ˜Delivers mild humidified air pressure to keep airways open, used for sleep apnea
  • One pressure for inhalation (ipap)
  • One pressure for exhalation (epap)
  • ˜May be better suited for more difficult patients with low O2, CHF, other lung disorders
23
Q

Things Dr. T wanted us to review

A
  • G&S, p. 313-316
    • Guidelines for physician referral
    • Key points to remember

Thompson Exam 4 and 5 (9 decks)

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