Exam 5

Question 1

The body’s chemical reactions

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Reactions where chemicals are combined, layered chemicals/molecules are produced

Answer 2

Anabolic Reactions

Question 3

What reactions are known as synthesis reactions, they are consumed/absorb energy(heat)

Answer 3

Anabolic Reactions

Question 4

What reaction is this? x+y=xy

Answer 4

Anabolic reactions

Question 5

Reactions where molecules are broken down into smaller chemicals

Answer 5

Catabolic Reactions

Question 6

Known as decomposition reactions, release energy(heat)

Answer 6

Catabolic reactions

Question 7

What reaction is this? XY=X+Y

Answer 7

catabolic reactions

Question 8

Reactions where hydrogen atoms are broken off chemicals

Answer 8

Oxidation reactions

Question 9

What molecule loses oxygen, HX=H+X

Answer 9

Oxidation reactions

Question 10

Reactions where hydrogen atoms are added onto a chemical

Answer 10

Reduction Reactions

Question 11

The main process that cells use glucose, carried out by all cells, series of 10 reactions

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

Cycle of 8 reactions that occurs in mitochondria, Acetyl-CoA enters, Produces ATP, NADH, FADH, CO2

Answer 12

Krebs Cycle

Question 13

Process that occurs in mitochondria, produces most of our cells ATP, Aerobic process; requires O2, Generates ATP and H2O

Answer 13

Electron transport chain

Question 14

Breakdown of glycogen (animal starch) into glucose, occurs in muscle and liver cells, stimulated by symp. N.S and epi, glucagon

Answer 14

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

glycogen anabolism from glucose, occurs in muscle and liver cells, stimulated by parasympathetic N.S and insulin

Answer 15

Glycogenesis

Question 16

Glucose anabolism from tiny carbs and amino acids, occurs in liver, symp. n.s, api, cortisol, glucagon

Answer 16

Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

Microscopic spheres/balls made up of lipids and coated with special proteins

Answer 17

lipoproteins

Question 18

made up the small intestines mucosa cells, taken up by the liver, they deliver lipids derived from the digestive tract to the liver

Answer 18

chylomicrons

Question 19

Very low density lipoproteins, made up by the liver and released into the blood, deliver lipids from the liver to fat and muscle cells

Answer 19

VLDLs

Question 20

Form from VLDLs on the surface of muscle and fat cells, they enter blood and then are taken up by cells throughout the body, Deliver lipids to all cells, commonly known as bad cholesterol

Answer 20

LDL

Question 21

Made by all cells and they are released into blood, they’re taken up by the liver, they deliver lipids from our cells to the liver, commonly known as our good cholesterol

Answer 21

HDL

Question 22

Breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids, occurs in fat cells, muscle cells, and liver cells

Answer 22

lipolysis

Question 23

anabolism/synthesis of triglycerides, occurs in liver and fat cells, glycerol and FAs are combined to form new triglycerides, stimulated by insulin

Answer 23

Lipogenesis

Question 24

Production of ketones, occurs in the liver when there’s a high level of lipolysis, occurs during fasting and untreated diabetes

Answer 24

Ketogenesis

Question 25

Occurs following a meal, last about 4 hours, insulin is created, high blood amino acids

Answer 25

Absorptive State

Question 26

Occurs 4 hours after a meal, last between 6 to 8 hours, blood glucose levels drop at start of the state

Answer 26

Post absorptive state

Question 27

Occurs about 12 hours after meal, enter this state when liver runs of glycogen

Answer 27

Fasting state

Question 28

What is the main hormone of fasting

Answer 28

Cortisol

Question 29

What does satiety mean

Answer 29

feeling full

Question 30

What eliminates waste and excess water from blood, helps regulate body’s salt balance and blood pressure by regulation blood volume

Answer 30

Urinary system

Question 31

Organs of the urinary system

Answer 31

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra