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Exam 4 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ecology?

A

The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

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2
Q

What’s the difference between abiotic and biotic?

A

Abiotic is the non-living parts of an environment while biotic is the the living parts.

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3
Q

What are the four levels of Ecology?

A

1) Organism
2) Population
3) Community
4) Ecosystem

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4
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.

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5
Q

What is a community?

A

All the organisms that inhabit a particular area.

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6
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All the abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area.

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7
Q

What are the trophic levels of a food chain?

A

1) Producers (autotrophs)
2) Primary Consumers (Herbivores)
3) Secondary Consumers (eats Primary)
4) Tertiary Consumers (eats Secondary)
5) Quaternary Consumers (eats Tertiary)

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8
Q

What is the role of a decomposer in a food chain?

A

They eat all trophic levels and break down molecules.

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9
Q

How is a food chain different from a food web?

A

A food chain goes in order 1 -> 2 -> 3 etc. while a food web can go 1 -> 3 -> 2 etc.

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10
Q

What is energy flow?

A

The passage of energy through the components of the ecosystem.

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11
Q

What is chemical cycling?

A

The use and reuse of chemical elements within an ecosystem

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12
Q

How is energy flow different from chemical cycling?

A

Energy flows through and out (used and then gone) while chemicals are used and then reused (recycled)

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13
Q

What is the pyramid of energy?

A

An illustration of the loss of energy with each transfer in a food chain
100
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14
Q

What are the three major biogeochemical cycles?

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

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15
Q

What is carbon?

A

Main component of organisms

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16
Q

What does carbon cycle between?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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17
Q

What is nitrogen?

A

Found in Protein and Nucleic Acids

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18
Q

How does nitrogen cycle?

A

Bacteria converts nitrogen to ammonia that producers can use

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19
Q

What is phosphorus?

A

Found in lipids, Nucleic acids, and ATP

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20
Q

How is phosphorous cycled?

A

Limiting factor, rocks are only source.

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21
Q

What are ecosystem functions?

A

Processes that transform energy and nutrients and maintain life.

22
Q

What are the four categories of ecosystem functions?

A

Regulatory
Production
Habitat
Information

23
Q

What is the regulatory ecosystem function?

A

The capacity to regulate processes that support life systems.

24
Q

What is the production ecosystem function?

A

Conversion of inorganic to organic food molecules

25
Q

What is the Habitat ecosystem function?

A

Provides refuge and reproductive habitat

26
Q

What is the Information Ecosystem function?

A

Opportunities for cognitive development

27
Q

How do humans impact ecosystems?

A

1) Changes ecosystems for human productivity
2) altering Regulatory functions (deforestation type crap)

28
Q

What is a niche?

A

An organisms total use of the resources in its environment.

29
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species that plays a key role in determining ecosystem structure. (wolves in yellowstone park)

30
Q

How do you assess species diversity?

A

the variety of species that make up a community

31
Q

What is species richness?

A

The number of different species

32
Q

What is relative abundance?

A

the proportion a species represents in a community

33
Q

What are the types of interactions found between species?

A

Interspecific Competition, Competitive Exclusion Principle, Mutualism, Predation, herbivory, Parasites, and Commensalism.

34
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

2 different species compete for resources

35
Q

What is the competitive exclusion Principle?

A

If two species have niches that too similar, they cannot live in the same ecosystem.

36
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

Both species benefit from the interaction.

37
Q

What is Predation?

A

One species eat the other.

38
Q

What is Herbivory?

A

Consumption of plant parts or algae.

39
Q

What are Parasites?

A

Organisms that live on or in a host from which they obtain nutrients.

40
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

Where one species benefits and the other is not affected.

41
Q

What are the avoidance adaptations of plants/animals?

A

Camouflage and warning colors.

42
Q

What are the nine terrestrial biomes?

A

1) Tropical Rainforest
2) Savanna
3) Desert
4) Chaparral
5) Temperate Grassland
6) Temperate Broadleaf Forest
7) Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
8) Tundra
9) Polar Ice

43
Q

What are the eight aquatic biomes?

A

1) Lakes and Ponds
2) Rivers and Streams
3) Pelagic Oceans
4) Coral Reefs
5) Abyssal
6) Estuaries
7) Wetlands
8) Benthic Oceans

44
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

Gradual Replacement of one species set with another species set.

45
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

A

Primary Succession begins without soil while Secondary Succession begins with soil. (Primary begins with nothing while Secondary begins with soil)

46
Q

What is biological magnification?

A

Where toxins become magnified as they move upward the food chain.

47
Q

What are invasive species?

A

Non-Native species that have moved beyond original point of introduction.

48
Q

What are the impacts of invasive species?

A

1) Out compete native species
2) Prey upon native species
3) Reduction in biodiversity

49
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

the variety of life on earth and the interactions between living things

50
Q

What is the leading cause for loss of biodiversity?

A

Habitat Destruction.

Exam 4 (3 decks)

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