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Exam 4 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of chemical evolution in order?

A

a) Synthesis of Organic Molecules
b) Small Molecules come together to form Macromolecules
c) Development of the Protein Synthesis Mechanism
d) Formation of Membranes
e) Obtain Energy

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2
Q

What are the events in the history of life in order?

A

a) Earth Formed 4.6 Billion years ago
b) prokaryotic Organisms arose
c) Photosynthesis began increasing Oxygen
d) Eukaryotic Organisms Arose
e) Multicellular Organisms Arose
f) Colonization of Land
g) Rise and Fall of Dinosaurs
h) Humans arose

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3
Q

What are the eras of the geological time scale?

A

Paleozoic - Fish, Amphibians, and Plants
Mesozoic - Reptiles and Conifers
Cenozoic - Flowering Plants, Birds, and Mammals

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4
Q

What happened during eukaryotic cell division?

A

a) Development of the Nucleus
b) Development of the Endomembrane System
c) Acquire Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

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5
Q

What did Eukaryotes evolve from?

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

The science of naming organisms and grouping them into categories.

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7
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

The science of discovering the evolutionary history of a species.

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8
Q

What is the order of the Taxons? (Specific to General)

A

a) Species
b) Genus
c) Family
d) Orders
e) Classes
f) Phyla
g) Kingdoms
h) Domains
(This Species is the only Genus in the Family. I Order that he take additional Classes in the Phyla Kingdom so that he’s at the top of his Domain)

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9
Q

How do you properly write a scientific name?

A

Genus Name and then Species Epithet
(Genus = Panther, Epithet = Spotted)

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10
Q

What are the similarities of the prokaryotic Domains (Bacteria and Archaea)?

A

a) They all use Binary Fission

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11
Q

What are the Differences between the prokaryotic Domains (Bacteria and Archaea)?

A

a) Archaea have genes that bacteria does not have
b) Their cell walls have a different structure
c) Their cell membranes have a different structure

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12
Q

What are the three types of Archaea?

A

a) Thermophiles
b) Halophiles
c) Methanogens

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13
Q

What is Microbiota?

A

A community of microorganisms that live in/on our bodies

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14
Q

What is Biofilm?

A

A cooperative colony of prokaryotes that covers a surface.

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15
Q

What are the four Eukaryotic Kingdoms?

A

Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the Plant Kingdom?

A

a) Autotrophs
b) Always Multicellular
c) Has a cell wall

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the Animal Kingdom?

A

a) Heterotrophs
b) Always Multicellular
c) LACKS a cell wall

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of the Fungi Kingdom?

A

a) Heterotrophs
b) Multi and Single Celled
c) Has a cell wall

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the Protist Kingdom?

A

a) Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
b) Multi and Single Celled
c) Has and LACKS a cell wall

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20
Q

What are the differences between Lytic and lysogenic cycle of viruses?

A

a) Lytic- Kills the host and reproduces more phages
b) Lysogenic - reproduces phages DNA which is passed on when the bacteria replicates

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21
Q

What are the three major lineages of protists?

A

Algae, Protozoa, and Fungus like Protists

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22
Q

What are the three structures of fungi and their function?

A

a) Hyphae- Absorb Nutrients by penetrating it
b) Spore- Reproductive Unit that allows the Fungus to grow in new areas
c) Mycelium- Breaks food down for the Hyphae to absorb

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23
Q

What is the ecological and economic importance of fungi?

A

a) Fungi serve as decomposers of organic matter in ecosystems.
b) Fungi is in several types of food
c) Fungi has mycorrhizae which helps the plants around it with absorption.

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24
Q

What are the four lineages of modern plants?

A

a) Bryophytes
b) Ferns
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms

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25
Q

What structures help plants live on land?

A

Development of Vascular Tissue

26
Q

What are the differences between gametophyte and sporophyte stages?

A

Gametophyte uses mitosis to produce gametes while Sporophyte uses meiosis to produce haploid cells. (Sporophyte leads to Gametophyte.)

27
Q

What are the stages of the Bryophyte plant lineage?

A

Mainly Gametophyte stage, limited Sporophyte stage.
(sporophyte –> GAMETOPHYTE)

28
Q

What are the stages of the Angiosperm plant lineage?

A

Mainly Sporophyte, limited gametophyte stage.

29
Q

What are the stages of the Fern plant lineage?

A

Gametophyte stage is haploid producing the Sporophyte stage. (gametophyte —> SPOROPHYTE) Gametophyte stage is much smaller than sporophyte stage.

30
Q

What are the stages of the Gymnosperm plant lineage?

A

Mainly sporophyte, limited Gametophyte stage.

31
Q

What are the five structures of a flower?

A

a) Anther
b) Filament
c) Ovary
d) Stigma
e) Style

32
Q

What is the gender of the Anther?

A

Male

33
Q

What is the gender of the Filament?

A

Male

34
Q

What is the gender of the Ovary?

A

Female

35
Q

What is the gender of the Stigma?

A

Female

36
Q

What is the gender of the style?

A

Female

37
Q

What are the three types of symmetry?

A

a) Asymmetry (No order)
b) Radial Symmetry (Constructed around a central axis)
c) Bilateral Symmetry (Symmetrical on both sides of a plane)

38
Q

What are the nine Phyla of Animals?

A

a) Sponges
b) Cnidarians
c) Flatworms
d) Mollusks
e) Annelids
f) Roundworms
g) Arthropods
h) Echinoderms
I) Chordates

39
Q

What is the skeleton, Symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Sponge?

A

a) Benthic with exoskeleton
b) mostly asymmetrical
c) Filter Feeder
d) No segmentation

40
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Cnidarian?

A

a) Corals have exoskeletons
b) Radially Symmetrical
c) Gastrovascular Cavity
d) No Segmentation

41
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Flatworm?

A

a) No skeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Gastrovascular Cavity
d) No segmentation

42
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Annelid?

A

a) No skeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Coelom
d) segmentation

43
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Roundworm?

A

a) Exoskeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Complete Digestive Tract
d) No Segmentation

44
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Mollusk?

A

a) May have an exoskeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Complete Digestive Tract
d) No Segmentation

45
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Arthropod?

A

a) Exoskeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Complete Digestive Tract
d) Segmentation

46
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Echinoderm?

A

a) Exoskeleton
b) Radial Symmetry
c) Complete Digestive Tract
d) No segmentation

47
Q

What is the skeleton, symmetry, digestive tract, and segmentation of the Chordate?

A

a) Some have endoskeleton
b) Bilateral Symmetry
c) Complete Digestive Tract
d) Segmentation

48
Q

What are the classes under Arthropod?

A

a) Arachnids
b) Crustaceans
c) Millipedes
d) Centipedes
e) Insects

49
Q

What are the classes under Chordates?

A

a) Fish
b) Amphibians
c) Reptiles
d) Mammals
e) Birds

50
Q

What is the number of the legs, diversity, and habitat type for Arachnids?

A

a) 8 legs total
b) High diversity
c) Land

51
Q

What is the number of legs, diversity, and habitat type for Crustaceans?

A

a) 10 legs total
b) High Diversity
c) Aquatic

52
Q

What is the number of legs, diversity, and habitat type for Millipedes?

A

a) 2 pairs of legs per body segment
b) highly diverse
c) land

53
Q

What is the number of legs, diversity, and habitat type for Centipedes?

A

a) 1 pair of legs per body segment
b) Highly diverse
c) land

54
Q

What is the number of legs, diversity, and habitat type for Insects?

A

a) 6
b) Highly Diverse
c) land

55
Q

What is the egg type and temperature Regulation of Reptiles?

A

a) Internal Fertilization
b) Waterproof Skin

56
Q

What is the egg type and temperature Regulation of Birds?

A

a) Eggs must be kept warm
b) Endotherms (metabolism)

57
Q

What is the egg type and temperature Regulation of Mammals?

A

a) Egg laying, embryonic young, fully developed birth
b) Endotherms (metabolism)

58
Q

What is the egg type and temperature Regulation of amphibians?

A

a) Metamorphosis
b) Ectothermic (rely on environment)

59
Q

What is the egg type and temperature Regulation of fish?

A

a) Roe
b) Ectothermic (rely on environment)

60
Q

What are the three types of mammals?

A

Monotremes - Egg Laying
Marsupials - Give birth to embryonic young
Eutherians - Give birth to fully developed young

Exam 4 (3 decks)

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