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Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

mechlorethamine, melphalan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil - class

A

nitrogen mustards - DNA damaging agents

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2
Q

carmustine, streptozoxin - class

A

nitrosoureas - DNA damaging agents

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3
Q

oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin - class

A

platinum coordination complexes - DNA damaging agents

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4
Q

mechlorethamine, melphalan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, streptozoxin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin - Target

A

causes intra/interstrand cross links

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5
Q

mechlorethamine, melphalan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, streptozoxin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin - biochemical/physiological responses

A

inability of cell to separate DNA, initiation of DNA repair mechanisms
cell can’t replicate DNA or make proteins - cell undergoes apoptosis if can’t repair in time

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6
Q

mechlorethamine, melphalan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, streptozoxin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin - adverse effects

A

hematological (myelosuppression), hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

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7
Q

mechlorethamine, melphalan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, streptozoxin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin - interactions

A

TNF blockers, clozapine, deferiprone, leflunomide, zidovudine, thalidomide, nephrotoxic agents

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8
Q

temozolomide, decarbazine - class

A

triazenes- DNA damaging agents

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9
Q

temozolomide, decarbazine - target

A

addition of methyl group to DNA bases (guanine)

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10
Q

temozolomide, decarbazine - biochemical/physiological

A

incorrect DNA base matching during replication
loss of DNA fidelity - leads to mutation and loss of protein function

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11
Q

temozolomide, decarbazine - adverse effects

A

hematological (myelosuppression), immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

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12
Q

temozolomide, decarbazine - interactions

A

TNF blockers, clozapine, deferiprone, leflunomide, zidovudine, thalidomide, nephrotoxic agents

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13
Q

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin - class

A

anthracycline antibiotics - DNA damaging agents

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14
Q

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin - target

A

intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase 2

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15
Q

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin - biochemical/physiological

A

inability to replicate DNA or make proteins, initiates DNA repair mechanisms
halt of DNA cell cycle progression, loss of cellular function - cell undergoes apoptosis if can’t repair DNA in time

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16
Q

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin - adverse effects

A

hematological, cardiovascular, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

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17
Q

daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide, prolongs QT interval

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18
Q

bleomycin, mitomycin - class

A

anthracenedione antibiotics - DNA damaging agents

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19
Q

bleomycin, mitomycin - target

A

intercalates into DNA causing DNA crosslinks and double/single strand breaks

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20
Q

bleomycin, mitomycin - biochemical, physiological

A

inability to replicate DNA or make proteins, initiates DNA repair mechanisms
halt of DNA cell cycle progression, loss of cellular function - cell undergoes apoptosis if can’t repair in time

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21
Q

bleomycin, mitomycin - adverse effects

A

hematological, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition, nephrotoxicity, lung fibrosis

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22
Q

bleomycin, mitomycin - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

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23
Q

methotrexate - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

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24
Q

methotrexate - target

A

competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

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25
Q

methotrexate - biochemical/physiological

A

inability to convert DHF into active THF, can’t convert dUMP to dTMP
no new strands of DNA (loss of monomers), loss of proliferation

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26
Q

methotrexate - adverse effects

A

hematological (myelosuppression), nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity

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27
Q

methotrexate - interactions

A

other nephrotoxic agents, trimethoprim, clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers

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28
Q

capecitabine, floxuridine - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolites

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29
Q

capecitabine, floxuridine - target

A

inhibition of thymidylate synthase

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30
Q

capecitabine, floxuridine - biochemical, physiological

A

inability of cell to synthesize dTMP from dUMP
cell can’t create new strands of DNA (loss of proliferation)

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31
Q

capecitabine, floxuridine - adverse effects

A

hematological, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

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32
Q

capecitabine, floxuridine - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

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33
Q

cytarabine - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

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34
Q

cytarabine - target

A

inhibits DNA polymerase

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35
Q

cytarabine - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t synthesize new DNA
cells can’t replicate DNA

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36
Q

cytarabine - adverse effects

A

hematological, pancreatitis, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition, neurotoxicity

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37
Q

cytarabine - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

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38
Q

mercaptopurine, thioguanine - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolites

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39
Q

mercaptopurine, thioguanine - target

A

inhibits DNA polymerase, inhibits de novo purine synthesis

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40
Q

mercaptopurine, thioguanine - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t synthesize new DNA/proteins
cells can’t replicate DNA

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41
Q

mercaptopurine, thioguanine - adverse effects

A

hematological, hyperuricemia due to nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity

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42
Q

mercaptopurine, thioguanine - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, ribavirin, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide, azathioprine

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43
Q

cladribine - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

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44
Q

cladribine - target

A

causes inhibition of DNA polymerase and strand breaks

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45
Q

cladribine - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t synthesize DNA/proteins, initiates DNA repair mechanisms
cells can’t replicate DNA or make proteins - cell undergoes apoptosis if can’t repair in time

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46
Q

cladribine - adverse effects

A

hematological

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47
Q

cladribine - interactions

A

TNF blockers, leflunomide

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48
Q

gemcitabine, fludarabine - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolites

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49
Q

gemcitabine, fludarabine - target

A

inhibits RR and DNA polymerase

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50
Q

gemcitabine, fludarabine - biochemical/physiological

A

inability of cells to create deoxyribonucleosides (RR inhibition), inability of cells to create DNA (DNA polymerase inhibition)
cells can’t replicate DNA

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51
Q

gemcitabine, fludarabine - adverse effects

A

hematological, pulmonary distress, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity

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52
Q

gemcitabine, fludarabine - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

53
Q

hydroxyurea - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

54
Q

hydroxyurea - target

A

inhibits RR

55
Q

hydroxyurea - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t synthesize deoxyribonucleosides
cell can’t synthesize new DNA

56
Q

hydroxyurea - adverse effects

A

neurotoxicity, hematological, hepatotoxicity, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

57
Q

hydroxyurea - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

58
Q

pentostatin - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

59
Q

pentostatin - target

A

inhibits adenosine deaminase - disruption of nucleic acid metabolism resulting in inhibition of RR

60
Q

pentostatin - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t make deoxyribonucleosides
cells can’t make new DNA

61
Q

pentostatin - adverse effects

A

hematological, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

62
Q

pentostatin - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, thalidomide

63
Q

bortezomib - class

A

DNA replication - antimetabolite

64
Q

bortezomib - target

A

inhibits 26S proteasome

65
Q

bortezomib - biochemical/physiological

A

cell can’t degrade proteins - particularly those with rapid turnover/pro-apoptotic proteins
induction of apoptosis due to presence of apoptotic proteins

66
Q

bortezomib - adverse effects

A

peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular, hematological

67
Q

bortezomib - interactions

A

deferiprone

68
Q

irinotecan, topotecan - class

A

DNA replication - topoisomerase inhibitors

69
Q

irinotecan, topotecan - target

A

inhibits topoisomerase 1

70
Q

irinotecan, topotecan - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t unwind DNA
cells can’t replicate DNA or make proteins

71
Q

irinotecan, topotecan - adverse effects

A

hematological, hepatotoxicity, nephropathy, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

72
Q

irinotecan, topotecan - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide, CYP3A4 substrate

73
Q

etoposide, teniposide - class

A

DNA replication - topoisomerase inhibitors

74
Q

etoposide, teniposide - target

A

inhibits topoisomerase 2

75
Q

etoposide, teniposide - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t unwind DNA
cells can’t replicate DNA or make proteins

76
Q

etoposide, teniposide - adverse effects

A

hematological, cardiovascular, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

77
Q

etoposide, teniposide - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

78
Q

vinblastine, vincristine - class

A

mitotic inhibitors

79
Q

vinblastine, vincristine - target

A

inhibits polymerization of tubulin into microtubules

80
Q

vinblastine, vincristine - biochemical/physiological

A

inability of cells to form microtubules and separate cell components equally
parent cell cannot divide into 2 daughter cells

81
Q

vinblastine, vincristine - adverse effects

A

hematological, neuropathy, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

82
Q

vinblastine, vincristine - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide, CYP3A4 substrate

83
Q

paclitaxel, docetaxel - class

A

mitotic inhibitors

84
Q

paclitaxel, docetaxel - target

A

inhibits depolymerization of microtubules into tubulin

85
Q

paclitaxel, docetaxel - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t pull components of cell apart during mitosis
parent cell cannot divide into 2 daughter cells

86
Q

paclitaxel, docetaxel - adverse effects

A

hematological, peripheral neuropathy

87
Q

paclitaxel, docetaxel - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide, CYP3A4 substrate

88
Q

tamoxifen, toremifene - class

A

hormone receptor antagonists

89
Q

tamoxifen, toremifene - target

A

estrogen receptor antagonist

90
Q

tamoxifen, toremifene - biochemical/physiological

A

inability of cells to transcribe genes under control of estrogen receptor
cells can’t proliferate or evade immune system

91
Q

tamoxifen, toremifene - adverse effects

A

menopause-like symptoms (hot flashes, sweating, nausea, vaginal discharge, dizziness, vomiting), hematological, cardiovascular

92
Q

tamoxifen, toremifene - interactions

A

prolongs QT interval, toremifene (substrate of CYP3A4), tamoxifen (substrate of CYP2D6)

93
Q

anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole - class

A

hormone receptor antagonists

94
Q

anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole - target

A

inhibits enzyme aromatase

95
Q

anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t produce estrogen from precursors
cells can’t activate estrogen receptor - results in ability to proliferate and evade immune system

96
Q

anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole - adverse effects

A

menopause-like symptoms (hot flashes, sweating, vaginal discharge, dizziness, vomiting), hematological, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular

97
Q

anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole - interactions

A

thalidomide, letrozole CYP2C19 inhibitor

98
Q

nilutamide, flutamide - class

A

hormone receptor antagonists

99
Q

nilutamide, flutamide - target

A

androgen receptor antagonists

100
Q

nilutamide, flutamide - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t transcribe genes under control of androgen receptor
cells can’t proliferate and evade immune system

101
Q

nilutamide, flutamide - adverse effects

A

hepatotoxicity, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

102
Q

nilutamide, flutamide - interactions

A

none severe

103
Q

gefitinib, erlotinib - class

A

protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors

104
Q

gefitinib, erlotinib - target

A

inhibition of EPIDERMAL growth factor receptor

105
Q

gefitinib, erlotinib - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t initiate growth factor cascade
cells can’t proliferate or metastasize - increase in cellular apoptosis

106
Q

gefitinib, erlotinib - adverse effects

A

hematological, pulmonary toxicity, nausea, dehydration, malnutrition

107
Q

gefitinib, erlotinib - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide

108
Q

imatinib - class

A

protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor

109
Q

imatinib - target

A

inhibits bcr-abl chimeric tyrosine kinase

110
Q

imatinib - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t initiate growth factor signal cascade
cells can’t proliferate or metastasize - increase in cellular apoptosis

111
Q

imatinib - adverse effects

A

hematological, cardiovascular

112
Q

imatinib - interactions

A

clozapine, deferiprone, TNF blockers, leflunomide, CYP 3A4, 2D6, 2C9 inhibitor

113
Q

trastuzumab - receptor

A

HER2/ErbB-2 EPIDERMAL growth factor receptor

114
Q

bevacizumab - receptor

A

VEGFR1/2 (vascular-ENDOTHELIAL growth factor)

115
Q

cetuximab - receptor

A

EPITHELIAL growth factor receptor

116
Q

trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab - target

A

inhibits over-expressed antigens on cell surface

117
Q

trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab - biochemical/physiological

A

cells can’t initiate growth factor signal cascade
cells can’t proliferate or metastasize - increase in cellular apoptosis

118
Q

rituximab - receptor

119
Q

alemtuzumab - receptor

120
Q

nivolumab - receptor

121
Q

durvalumab - receptor

122
Q

rituximab, alemtuzumab, nivolumab, durvalumab - target

A

binding to overexpressed antigen - directs immune system to initiate a response

123
Q

rituximab, alemtuzumab, nivolumab, durvalumab - biochemical/physiological

A

immune system mediated initiation of apoptosis signal cascade
immune system directed cell lysis or apoptosis of neoplastic cell

124
Q

ibritumomab - receptor

125
Q

brentuximab - receptor

126
Q

ibritumomab, brentuximab - target

A

binding to overexpressed antigen - release of conjugated radioactive particle/chemotherapeutic (DNA damaging agent)

127
Q

ibritumomab, brentuximab - biochemical/physiological

A

inability to replicate DNA or make proteins, initiates DNA repair mechanisms
halt of DNA cell cycle progression, loss of cellular function - cell undergoes apoptosis if can’t repair in time

128
Q

all immune system modulators - adverse effects, interactions

A

hematological, cardiovascular
clozapine, TNF blockers, leflunomide, thalidomide

PDA I (3 decks)

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