Exam 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Who wrote the Cross of Gold speech?
A
William Jennings Bryan
2
Q
What was the conflict with the Cross of Gold speech?
A
Whether to switch over to the gold standard or bimetallism
3
Q
Did William Jennings Bryan support bimetallism or the gold standard?
A
bimetallism
4
Q
Did William Jennings Bryan support the income tax?
A
Yes
5
Q
Did William Jennings Bryan believe the government had a right to coin and issue $?
A
Yes
6
Q
Did William Jennings Bryan say the government needed to stay out of the bank’s matters?
A
No, he said the bank needed to stay out of government matters
7
Q
What did William Jennings Bryan say Americal will do if England declares support for the gold standard?
A
Fight it
8
Q
Who wrote “The Jungle?”
A
Upton Sinclair
9
Q
What did Upton Sinclair write about? What did this lead to?
A
Poor conditions of meat packing industry, 1st pure food act
10
Q
What was the problem with the government in “The Jungle”?
A
It was bribable
11
Q
What were some issues in “The Jungle”?
A
Poor sanitation, occupational hazards, bribing people to abolish inspections
12
Q
How were workers treated in “The Jungle?
A
Very poorly, worked to the bone. Corp tries to get as much $$$ as possible out of them
13
Q
What solution did Upton Sinclair propose in “The Jungle?”
A
Socialism
14
Q
Who wrote “A living wage”?
A
Monsignor John Ryan
15
Q
What did Monsignor John Ryan say about the Catholic doctrine?
A
It required each person to be paid fairly for their work
16
Q
Did Monsignor John Ryan see poverty as a systemic problem?
A
Yes
17
Q
Who did Monsignor John Ryan believe should handle poverty? How?
A
The state should work to provide suitable economic conditions by enforcing a reasonable minimum standard of living and livelihood
18
Q
Did Monsignor John Ryan support a minimum wage? What about working hours?
A
Yes, no more hours than is morally or materially healthy
19
Q
How did Monsignor John Ryan feel about women and children working?
A
(Edit: Women?)They shouldn’t work
20
Q
Who did Monsignor John Ryan say should provide the circumstances workers need to be secure in their savings and insurance? Who should make up the difference they can’t provide for themselves?
A
The state
21
Q
Did Monsignor John Ryan believe the state should totally take over charitable matters?
A
No, but to supplement what charities are already doing. Don’t take over things if you can’t do them better
22
Q
Who wrote Christianity and the Social Crisis?
A
Walter Rouschenbusch
23
Q
What did Rouschenbusch say about the church?
A
He said it should work with the state to transform humanity into the kingdom of God
24
Q
How did Rouschenbusch say people are treated in the workforce?
A
As things, not people
25
Did Rouschenbusch believe industries promoted virtue?
No
26
What did Rouschenbusch believe the workforce needed to focus on more?
Promoting and protecting families, individuals, and a Christian life
27
What did Rouschenbusch say about how the political economy taught us to look at how to approach questions?
From the POV of goods, not man
28
What did Rouschenbusch say our priorities should be in the political economy?
Other people
29
What type of political economy did Rouschenbusch support?
A socialistic one
30
What did progressivist reforms try to do?
Adress inequality and injustice (eg wealth)
31
Was Upton Sinclair a progressivist?
Yes
32
Why was there such severe poverty in progressivist times?
Low wages
33
Who were the populists?
Mostly farmers who felt like they'd been screwed over by the new economic system
34
Why was populism created?
Because of new economic conditions
35
Could populism have been considered a revolt? If so, against who?
Yes, against the elited who were screwing them over
36
What did the "Cross of Gold" speech focus on?
Organized wealth screwing over the little people and benefitting the farmers
37
Was William Jennings a populist?
Yes
38
Who were progressivists?
Mostly educated, middle class people from small towns and growing cities
39
Who did William Jennigns have similar principles to?
Andrew Jackson
40
Were the progressivists anti-elite?
Yes, but to a lesser degree than the populists
41
Were populists and progressivists similar?
Yes, but progressivists were from urban/town dwelling bases
42
What were progressivists concerned about with the elites?
A shrinking middle class
43
What did populism and progressivism have in common?
They both had religious rhetoric and were led by religious readers
44
What were the goals of progressivism?
To change the system that screwed people over, correct abuses and understand the requirements for democracies
45
What were progressivists concerned with?
Checks and balances being inefficient and causing confusion and irresponsibility
46
What type of government did Woodrow Wilson call for?
A unified parliamentary
47
What does the current government look like? Why could this be a good thing, and who says that?
Whoever is elected is in charge of making laws, which federalists say is good because of deliberation
48
Who says the current government could be bad, and why?
Progressivists, nothing gets done and no one knows who to blame
49
Were the progressivists successful?
No
50
How did the founders set up standards? Why did progressivists want to change it?
Hands off so people can compete, progressives say it didn't work because competition has changes
51
Who did progressivists think should have a lot of power in government?
Experts
52
Why do we have experts in government?
State and national legislators can't be trusted
53
Did progressivism lead to more or less democracy?
More
54
Who wrote The Promise of American Life?
Herbert Croly
55
What does Herbert Croly say we put too much emphasis on? What should we focus on instead?
individual freedom from government and equal rights
Should be more concerned about people advocating for themselves as a whole and helping out gvmt
56
What did Herbert Croly say we should think of gvmt in terms of?
what government can't do, not what it can so it can be empowered
57
Why was William Jennings Bryan more concerned about populism? Why was it more popular?
It affected a much larger part of the population
58
What was Rauschenbusch's philosophy on our priorities as a society?
Says we should stop with materialism and focus on spirituality and that a society focused on materialism is structured incorrectly
59
How did Croly say we should handle inequality?
The government should try to level out the playing field
60
How could checks and balances affect speed of legislation?
Government designed to achieve reasonable policies, but checks and balances keeps this from happening quickly
61
What are Progressives wanting from gvmt? that will be able to enact policy quickly, like Britain’s parliamentary system. Once someone is elected, they enact all their policies
Quick action
62
How do supreme court cases rule?
whether they have the authority to do something, not whether something is morally right
63
How do cases come up in the supreme court?
Someone has to bring the case to court for there to be a case
64
What happened in Lochner v New York? Why was this illegal?
Lochner fined for allowing his employees (bakers) to work more than 60 hours a week
Employers are taking advantage of employees, demand they work more than they should
65
What was the Question for Lochner v New York?
Is there a contract between employer and employee that the state can't get involved in?
66
What type of question did Lochner v New York raise?
A state police power case
67
Why did Holmes disagree with the ruling?
(EDIT: Double check) It was based on an outdated economic theory
68
What happened to cause Wickard v Filburn?
Wickard v Filburn: The agricultural act of 1938 allows the secretary of agriculture (wickard) to set national acreage allotments for wheat to stabilize agricultural production. Filburn plants 23 instead of allotted 11 to feed his livestock and family with the rest. Harvests way more wheat than he’s allowed, fined for excess. Refuses to pay, complained legislation violates commerce clause because he’s not selling it.
69
What was the question in Wickard V filburn?
Does the application of the Agricultural adjustment act of 1938 to Mr. Filburn violate the commerce clause as long as he doesn’t intend to sell the wheat and put it into the stream of commerce?
70
What was the ruling in Wickard V Filburn?
They can fine him because growing and not buying wheat affects the flow of commerce
71
What was the ruling for Lochner V New York?
There's a contract between employer and employee the government can't get involved in. 14th amendment prevents interference of contract
72
What was happening around the time of progressivism, populism, and the new deal?
A new economy that was screwing people over
73
Did Croly believe we all started out as equals? How did a belief in equal rights affect society as a whole?
No, some people have advantages like wealth and education. Believing we had equal rights meant that we weren't working towards equal rights
74
Why did progressivism fail? How did FDR counter this?
They didn't care a whole lot about individual rights, which FDR expanded on. Right to life --> Right to comfortable living, etc
75
Were populists focused on rural or urban equality?
Both
76
What kinds of rights did progressivists want to focus more on?
Democratic
77
What did the supreme court rule in Wickard V Filburn?
Says congress can basically do whatever as long as it’s related to commerce
78
What did FDR's plan center on?
Equal opportunity, government efforts, and a national coordinated effort instead of letting people fix the problem themselves
79
What did FDR do to combat inequality? What did this mean the government was obligated to do?
Created 2nd bill of rights, which expanded on out basic ones (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
Provide people with the means to have a good life
80
What happened to cause Hammer v Dagenhart?
Federal Child Labor act says you can’t ship interstate commerce goods if you employ children under 14, and a father claimed this was unconstitutional
81
What was the question in Hammer v Dagenhart?
Does Congress’ constitutional power to regulate commerce give it the power to pass this act?
82
What was the ruling in Hammer v Dagenhart?
Congress doesn't have the authority to restrict child labor across interstate commerce, because that falls under state authority.
83
How does Croly say we should think about government?
as a means to empower us to deal with problems
84
What is the National Labor Relations board?
NRLB is a group meant to prevent unfair labor practices
85
What was the precedence for National Labor Relations board vs Jones and Laughlin Steel corporation?
Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation fired people who joined union, NLRB said Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation had to reinstate them because they'd been fired unlawfully.
86
What was the question asked during for National Labor Relations board vs Jones and Laughlin Steel corporation?
Does Congress have the Constitutional power necessary under the commerce clause to enact the National Labor Relations act (Wagner Act)?
87
What was the ruling for National Labor Relations board vs Jones and Laughlin Steel corporation?
It does, because unfair labor practices will affect the flow of commerce which means congress has the power to regulate them. Congress has power over things that affect interstate commerce, even if they’re intrastate.
88
Did Hammer V Dagenhart rule Congress can regulate intrastate activity if it affects interstate commerce?
Yes
89
Who wrote the speech at Oglethorpe?
FDR
90
How did FDR adress the previous way of living's economic situation relative to the time of speaking?
Very easy
91
What did FDR hope young people would do in his speech at Oglethorpe?
Look at the present with greater clarity than previous generations
92
What did FDR criticize in his speech at Oglethorpe?
The lack of foresight as a whole in industries and failure to measure
93
Does FDR believe we can fix the depression?
Yes, but it'll take time
94
Does FDR think resources and people are well organized?
No
95
What did FDR think the basic problem with the economy was?
Unequal distribution of wealth and too much being produced
96
How did FDR think we were going to shift in economic thought in the future?
We would think more about the consumer and less about the producer
97
Who wrote the Commonwealth Club speech?
FDR
98
Who wrote The 4 Freedoms?
FDR
99
Who wrote A Second Bill of Rights?
FDR
100
Who Wrote The Need for Cabinet Government?
Woodrow Wilson
101
What was the issue in the Commonwealth speech?
economy had left golden age, we need to make national effort to fix things
102
Does government exist to serve individuals or do individuals exist to serve gvmt? Where is this stated?
Debatable- it's not for anyone to say, and we'll disagree on it forever
COmmonwealth speech
103
How did FDR describe the founders of National Government?
Ruthless
104
What was the objective of the 4 freedoms?
They were freedoms/goals FDR believed all men should have
105
What were the 4 freedoms?
Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear
106
Why did FDR give the 4 freedoms speech?
The speech was intended to rally the American people against the Axis threat and to shift favor in support of assisting British and Allied troops.
107
Why did FDR support a second bill of amendments?
The first bill hadn't provided for people's equality
108
What did FDR say about the importance of the people's economic rights?
Roosevelt stated that having such rights would guarantee American security and that the United States' place in the world depended upon how far the rights had been carried into practice.
109
What was Woodrow Wilson's complaint about the process of overturning bills?
* Impossible to overturn bills once they’ve been passed unless HOR stops it, HOR doesn’t allow for much individual discussion
110
Did Woodrow Wilson think HOR and Congress were capable of getting anything done?
No
111
What did Woodrow Wilson say about representative government?
Best representative gvmt allows peoplw to freely govern themselves, and should legislate in the way it would if the whole country would in its presence
112
What did Woodrow Wilson say about government committees?
Says gvmt committees irresponsible, have almost absolute power that is poorly controlled
113
What complaint did Woodrow Wilson have about HOR and Congress working together to create laws?
While HOR and Congress seem like they’d work very well, they prevent the people from being able to express themselves in government
114
Why did Woodrow Wilson publish Cabinet Government in the United States? What was the reason behid the main issue?
calling for a much closer relationship between the legislative and executive branches than was permitted by the Constitution
115
Why didn't Woodrow Wilson like committee gvmt?
It discouraged open discussion
116
Why didn't Woodrow Wilson like how Congress created laws?
They were secret
117
What kind of government did Wilson want?
cabinet-style system that would allow the legislature to engage in real debate that would engage and educate the public, similar to how the British parliament works today.
