Exam 4.1 Flashcards
Arthropoda Groups
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
Tagmata
Many segments fused together
Functional group
Basic Arthropod characteristics
Triploblastic
Protostomes
Eucoelomates
Open circ. system with hemocoel
Pros of exoskeleton (4)
Hard for protection
Lightweight and made of chitin
Prevents desiccation (drying out)
Muscles attach to it
Cons of exoskeleton (1)
Ecdysis for growth
Tracheal System
Air sent directly to cells via tube system with multiple openings and trachea
Can open and close tubes to prevent water loss
Arthropoda
Chelicerata characteristics
4 pr walking legs
1 pr pedipalps
1 pair chelicera
Chelicera
Appendages near mouth
Can have fangs (spiders)
Chelicerata Classes
Merostomata, Pycnogonida, Arachnida
Arachnida Groups
Spiders, scorpions, Harvestmen, ticks and mites
Arachnida Tagmata
cephalothorax and abdomen
Book Lungs
Air pockets extending into blood chamber
Spiders
Sensory structures in spiders
8 eyes, good at detecting movement Sensory setae (tactile receptors on body)
Myriopoda Groups
Chilopoda, Diplopoda
Head of Crustaceans have…
2 pairs of antennae
1 pair of mandibles (chewing)
2 pair of maxillae (food manipulation)
First stage of life cycle of crustaceans
Nauplius
Malacostraca
Isopod, krill, decapods (lobster, crayfish, shrimp)
Crustacea
Tagmata in Insecta
- Head-sensory and feeding
- Thorax- locomotion
- Abdomen-digestion, excretion, reproduction
Instar
each larval stage of metamorphosis
Homometabolous
Very different larva and adult form
Form pupa
Most insects
Hemimetabolous
Gradual transition from larval (nymphs) to adults
Aposematic
Warning coloration
signals chemical defense
Mimicry
Crypsis
Camouflage
Eusocial
social system with few breeders and many workers
worker castes
Insecta
Chordata synapomorphies
- Notochord
- Dorsal Tubular Nerve cord
- Pharyngeal Gill Slits
- Endostyle/Thyroid gland
- Postanal Tail
Notochord
cartilaginous skeletal support rod
Replaced by spine in some
Chordata trait
Dorsal Tubular Nerve cord
Anterior brain in most
Chordata trait
Pharyngeal Gill Slits
Respiration and or feeding when functional
Chordata trait
Endostyle/Thyroid gland
Endostyle secretes mucus to trap food particles
Thyroid produces hormones to regulate metabolism
Chordata trait
Postanal Tail with segmented muscles
locomotion when functional
Chordata trait
Urochordata
Tunicates, sea squirts Sessile marine filter feeders Pharyngeal gill slits for feeding and respiration Tunic Larval forms have chordate traits
Tunic
Tough, non-living cuticle that surrounds body
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Lancelets
Marine, live in sandy bottoms (hehe)
Adults show all chordate characteristics
Echinodermata Characteristics
Triploblastic Radial symmetry; bilateral as larvae No cephalization Most slow, not sessile Ossicles Water vascular system Tube feet
Ossicles
Endoskeleton with spines sticking through epidermis
Water Vascular System
System of canals that allow for locomotion and feeding
Muscular contraction of ampulla (head inside of tube feet) force water from canals
Echinodermata
Tube Feet
Act like suction cups
Used for locomotion and feeding
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Groups
Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuriodea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea
Asteroidea
Sea stars
Skin covered with papulae and pedicellaria
Papulae
Projections used in respiration
Asteroidea
Pedicellaria
Small pincers used to clean off debris, parasites, etc
Asteroidea and Echinoidea
Crinoidea
Sea lilies, feather stars
Suspension feeders and mostly sessile
Ophiuroidea
Brittle and basket stars
More flexible arms that are distinct from the central disk
Arms are brittle but regenerate
Echinoidea
Sea urchins, sand dollars, heart urchins
Fused ossicles that make a shell or test
Pedicellaria (some with toxins)
Aristotle’s Lantern
Aristotle’s Lantern
Set of jaws attached to ossicle plates and muscles
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumber Elongated along oral-aboral axis Respiratory tree Tube feet only on bottom side Leathery skin with embedded ossicles
