Exam 4: Vocab and def Flashcards
sigma (σ)
end-to-end orbital overlap
when sp2 hybrid orbitals on the C atoms overlap
pi (π)
side-by-side p orbital overlap
combustion eq
____+ O2 –> H2O + CO2
*CO2 ALWAYS has to end up on right side
limiting reactant
smallest amount of substance that wont allow you to make more reactant
solutes
smaller amount of cmpound
solvent
larger amount of compound
M1(V1)= M2(V2)
M = concentration
V=volume
Molarity
(concentration)
Mol/ Liters (volume)
MoLarity
mass eq
Mass= Mol x molar mass
mol eq
mass/ molar mass
or
mol = concentration (volume)
Alkaline
Produces OH^-
Acid
produces H^+
strong acids fully dissolve in water
weak acids partially dissolve in water
heteronuclear diatomic molecules
2 diff atoms are IR active
CAN absourb IR
EX: CH4
infared absorption
Gases that absorb IR radiation act as greenhouse gases
2 diff atoms or more han 2 atoms absorb IR radiaion
diatomic homonuclear molecules
2 IDENICAL atoms CANT absorb IR radiation
ex: Ar or O2
aomic species (noble gases) are IR-INactive
Vocab for eq
___ + ____ —> _____ + ____
Reactants or product?
(s) = ?
(l) = ?
(g) = ?
(aq) = ?
left of arrow is reactants
right of arrow is product
(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolves in water)
Diatomic elements (2 atoms)
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2 (g)
F2(g)
Cl2(g)
Br2(l)
I2 (s)
Combustion reactants (3 types)
combustion : a substance burns in the presence of oxygen
combination: two or more reactants COMBINE to form a single product
decomposition: two or more products form FROM a single reactant
theoretical yield
calculated amount of product that could form (max)
1) Calculate how much product you could get from each reactant
(separately) and compare those amounts.
2) The smallest amount of possible product is the theoretical yield,
and the amount depends on the limiting reactant.
actual yield
measured amount of product actually obtained
Ionic bonds
Maal and non-metal dissolve in water
enthalpy
another way to measure heat change
ENDOthermic
absorbs heat
EX: water getting warmer
heat flows inot system from surrounding
surrounding lose heat
EXOthermic
Closed heat
EX: buring log
heat flows out of system to surroundings
makes syrrounding hotter