Exam 1-4 Flashcards by Andrea Nichols

The phase transitions from a liquid to a solid is _______

freezing

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which of the following of a physical change

animal fat melts into a liquid when warmed on the stove

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Carbon 12 and carbon 13 are _____; they have different numbers of ______

isotopes ; neutrons

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EX of an exact number

5 goldfish

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do neutrons and electrons have the same number?

yes

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Gluecose in C6H12O6. An individual glucose _____ is made up of ______. Glucose is a(n) ______

molecule; atoms; compound

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A drink made of water, sugar, grape flavoring, and purple food coloring where everything is throughly mixed up is _______.

A homogeneous mixture

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A proton has ____ charge and is located _____. It has approximately the same mass as a(n) ______.

a positive; in the nucleus; neutron

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A horizontal row on the periodic table is a _______, and a vertical column is a _______.

period; group

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Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water?

Hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) react to form water.

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Fluorine is a _______, lithium is a _______, and boron is a ________

nommetal; metal; metalloid

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The energy pf a photon is ______ proportional to its wavelength and ________ proportional to its frequency.

inverslt; directly

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The absorbance of infrared (IR) light by gases such as carbon dioxide make these gases _________

greenhouse gases

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If you add a cup of sugar to a quart of water in the process of making Kool Aid, you’ve prepared a _____ with sugar as the _____ and water as the _______

solution; solute; solvent

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Which of the following is NOT a major source of CO2 in the atmosphere today?

Emissions from carbonated beverages

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What are the products of the reaction of HI with Ba(OH)2

BaI2 and water

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Combustion reactions ______ heat; they are ______ process

release; exothermic

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single bond
double bond
triple bond

1 sig bond
1 sig bond, 1 pi bond
1 sig bond, 2 pi bond

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Which of the following processes has contributed the most to the increasing atmospheric
CO2 concentration in recent years?

fossil fuel combustion

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A pi bond is formed by the _______ overlap of _______ orbitals.

side-by-side; unhybridized p

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An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to.

warm up

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Greenhouse gases including ________ increase global temperatures because they absorb
____ light.

CO2 and CH4; IR

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If you add a spoonful of table salt to a pot of water before cooking noodles, you’ve
prepared a _____ with water as the _____ and salt as the _____

solution; solvent; solute

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A sample of water is being studied. It sits in an open beaker on a lab bench. Which of the
following is true?

A. The water constitutes the thermodynamic system.
B. The beaker plus everything else in the room and in the universe, except the water,
constitute the surroundings.
C. The water plus the beaker are the system.
D. The beaker is part of the system.
E. Both A and B are true

E: Both A and B are true

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When heat is transferred to the system from the surroundings, the process is said to be ________, and the sign of q is ________

endothermic; positive

A O-O bond is _________ and _________ than a O=O bond

longer; weaker

The numerical value of an element’s electronegativity represents

the ability of an atom in a bond to draw shared electrons to itself.

Why is resonance used to describe some Lewis structures

The true structure is an average between the different resonance structures and cannot be described by a single structure

Which intermolecular force(s) is/are found between molecules of water and ammonia, NH3

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding

Valence bond theory describes how a covalent bond is formed by

the overlap of two orbitals, with each orbital containing one electron

When a covalent bond forms between two atoms, the potential energy of the system _________. To break a bond, energy must be ______

decreases; added

If photons in an energy source are changed from microwaves to x-rays, how does the energy of the photon change

The energy of the photon increases

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the n = 2 shell

In a multielectron atom, which of these subshells has the highest energy 1s, 2p, 4p, 5f, 5d

The effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons is generally _______ the nuclear charge due to shielding by the ______

lower than; core electrons

atomic radius

electron affinity

A lithium ion has a ____ radius than a lithium atom, and a chloride ion has a _____ radius than a chlorine atom

smaller; larger

compound

2+ elements in fixed proportions

The Lewis symbol for a fluorine atom has ____ dots, and the Lewis symbol for a fluoride ion has ____ dots

7; 8

The lattice energy for ionic crystals increases as the charge on the ions ________ and the size of the ions ________

increases; decreases

What is the name of Mn(CO3)2?

manganese(IV) carbonate

The compound, P4S10, is used in the manufacture of safety matches. What is its name

tetraphosphorus decasulfide

empirical formula

What is the formula for the compound formed by calcium and chlorine

CaCl2

Which of the following electron transitions causes the emission of a photon with the shortest wavelength

k-->g

Which piece of information below cannot be inferred or calculated from the formula for a chemical substance?

The electrical conductivity of the substance

The Lewis dot symbol consists of the symbol for the element surrounded by dot(s). What do the dots represent

valence electrons

Which of the following statements best describes the location and movement of electrons in an atom?

Electrons have a high probability of being found in regions of three-dimensional space called orbitals.

A 4p subshell consists of ________. A 4p subshell can hold up to ________

three orbitals; six electrons

Which one of these elements is a transition element? A. nickel B. tin C. sodium D. sulfur E. calcium

nickel

The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to

shielding

effective nuclear charge

Which of the following statements correctly compares orbitals in a gold atom

A 5p orbital is larger and has a higher energy than a 4p orbital

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing _____

atomic number

A silicon atom has ______ valence electrons

Which of the following could represent a molecular formula but not an empirical formula? A. C2H4 B. NaCl C. CaCl2 D. MgO E. H2O

A: C2H4

What is the correct name of Mg3N2

magnesium nitride

molecular

Elements with the highest first ionization energies are found in the ________ region of the periodic table.

upper right

The group of elements exhibiting the highest electron affinities are ______

the halogens

What can be said about the relative ionization energies IE1, IE2, etc. of a multi-electron-atom?

For carbon, IE5 is substantially larger than IE4

Why do main group elements tend to form ions with predictable charges?

These elements gain or lose electrons until their electron configuration is the same as the nearest noble gas

How many significant figures are in 0.006570 L

Which of the following represents an exact quantity

a student has 2 eyes

Which of the following does not have a uniform composition throughout

heterogeneous mixture

The majority of the volume of an atom is occupied by.

electrons

Which of the following is a chemical change?

EX 1: broiling a steak on a grill EX 2: turning hair yellow with bleach

chemical change

change in composition, the og substance does not exist EX: buring, digestion, oxidation

isotopes

different # of electrons

polymers

monomers

sublimation

solid --> gas

deposition

gas --> solid

What name is given to the phase transformation by which a solid passes directly into the gaseous state without passing through an intermediate liquid?

sublimation

precise results vs. accurate results

Accuracy: closeness to experimental measurements to the real value precision: how close repeated numbers are to each other

In the periodic table, the group of elements containing sodium (Na) is called the ______

alkali

Which statement concerning atomic structure and its representation is true? A. The nucleus of an atom contains neutrons and electrons. B. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in one atom. C. The mass number of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus plus the number of electrons outside. D. The number of electrons outside the nucleus is the same number of neutrons in the nucleus. E. The mass number and the atomic number are the same thing.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in one atom

The majority of elements are ____

metals

standard state

Which of the following is NOT a metalloid? A. Pb B. B C. Ge D. Sb E. Te

A; Pb

Which of the following statements about moles is false? A. 1 mole of sodium has 6.022 × 1023 sodium atoms B. 1 mole of carbon has the same number of atoms as 1 mole of silver C. 1 mole of neon has a mass of 20.18 g D. 1 mole of helium has a mass of 4.003 amu E. 1 mole of beryllium has a larger mass than 1 mole of lithium

1 mole of helium has a mass of 4.003 amu

What type of electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of 2.9 x 109 Hz?

Microwave You have version A of the exam. Please bubble A for your exam version.

atomic mass

protons and nuetrons

The volume occupied by an atom is determined by its _______; the atomic mass is determined by the number(s) of ______

electrons; protons and neutrons

Camphor is a waxy, soft, white solid with a strong, pleasant odor. If you place a sample of camphor in a dish on a lab bench and return the next day, the camphor will be gone because of the process of sublimation. Which of the following statements is true about this process? A. Sublimation is the conversion of a solid to a liquid. B. Sublimation is the direct conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through an intermediate liquid state. C. Sublimation is the oxidation of camphor into a volatile species. D. Sublimation and condensation both describe similar processes. E. Sublimation represents the two-step process of condensation followed by freezing.

B. Sublimation is the direct conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through an intermediate liquid state.

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called _______

isotopes

If a clear hummingbird nectar is prepared by stirring sugar into water, the hummingbird nectar is a . . . A. solute. B. compound. C. homogeneous mixture. D. heterogeneous mixture. E. solvent.

C. homogeneous mixture.

A sample substance from which state of matter has a constant volume but can adopt the shape of its container? A. Liquid B. Solid C. Gas D. Plasma E. No state of matter has these characteristics.

A. Liquid

an atomic orbital.....

is a fixed pathway traveled by an electron

Exam 1-4 Flashcards

(91 cards)