Exam 4- Urinary and Excretory System Flashcards
What passes from the glomerulus to the bowman’s capsule during ultrafiltration?
Urea, Sodium, Glucose and Water
What does not pass from the glomerulus to the bowman’s capsule
Protein
Which substances were reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tube?
Water, Glucose and Sodium
Where does ultrafiltration take place
Glomerulus
Which substances are reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle?
Water, Sodium
Which substances were reabsorbed in the collecting duct?
Urea
Compare the changes in concentration of Urea, Glucose and Proteins between the Arterial Blood and the filtrate.
The concentration of urea remains the same between arterial blood and filtrate. The concentration stays at 30 mg/100mL. The concentration of glucose also remains the same between Arterial Blood and filtrate. It remains at 100 mg/mL. The concentration of Protein between Arterial Blood and filtrate decreases. It decreases from 8000 mg/mL to 0 mg/mL
Explain the changes in concentration observed in part (a)
The concentration of urea remains the same because the proportion of water to urea is the same in both the arterial blood and the filtrate. The concentration of glucose remains the same because the proportion is the same in both the Arterial Blood and filtrate. Proteins do not diffuse to the filtrate because they are too large in size. Therefore the concentration of protein in the filtrate is zero.
Explain why the concentration of proteins increases from the arterial blood to the post glomerular blood.
The concentration of proteins increases from arterial to post glomerular because some of the water molecules diffuse to the filtrate therefore lowering the concentration of water. This therefore causes the concentration of protein to increase because the water is not present to dilute the protein.
Why is there glucose present in the filtrate but none present in the urine?
Glucose diffuses to the filtrate and is then reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tube therefore it is not present in the urine
Explain why the concentration of urea is higher in the urine than in the filtrate.
This is also do to the fact there is a lower concentration of water which therefore causes the concentration of urea to increase.
What is Dialysis?
Dialysis is the process by which the urea levels are lowered. This process occurs with a dialysis machine
When is dialysis needed and where is it done?
Dialysis is needed when there is failure of both kidneys. Normally, if only one kidney fails the patient will have to undergo dialysis or they will undergo the process less frequently than someone who has failure of both. Dialysis can be done in the hospital or at home.
Describe the composition of dialysis fluid. For each component state whether it is at a higher or lower concentration than the blood.
The dialysis fluid contains both urea and glucose. The concentration of urea is higher in the blood than in the fluid. The level of glucose is equal in the fluid and in the blood.
