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BIO360 Exam 4 > Exam 4 Terms > Flashcards

Exam 4 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of sediment drains better?

A

well-sorted

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2
Q

What sediment drains water quickly?

A

Coarse well-sorted

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3
Q

What sediment drains water slowly?

A

fine well-sorted

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4
Q

What sediment blocks water flow?

A

poorly sorted

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5
Q

Which sediments are found in open, wave swept beaches?

A

coarse

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6
Q

Which sediments are found in protected bays and mudflats?

A

fine

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7
Q

coarse sediments are found in places with ___ energy, ___ surface area:volume ratio, ___ intertidal spaces

A

high low larger

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8
Q

coarse sediments have ___ oxygen content, ____ organic content, ____ microbial activity

A

high low low

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9
Q

fine sediments have ___ energy, ___ surface:volume ratio, ___ intertidal spaces

A

low high smaller

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10
Q

fin sediments have ___ oxygen content, ___ organic content, ___ microbial community

A

low high high

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11
Q

sand is ___ turbulent with ___ sediment particles, ____ detritus, and ____ feeders

A

more larger less suspension

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12
Q

mud is ____ turbulent with ___ sediment particles, ____ detritus, and ____ feeders

A

less smaller more deposit

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13
Q

rich microbial community in soft bottom habitats

A

mircobenthos

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14
Q

burrowers and tube building macrobenthos

A

macrofauna

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15
Q

small macrobenthos that live in between sand grains such as vascular plants

A

meiofauna

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16
Q

plants where roots contribute to the organic content of sediments though formation of peat

Ex.) Salt marsh grasses and sea grasses

A

vascular plants

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17
Q

feeding behavior where particles are removed from the water with an external appendage such as in polychaete worms and barnacles

A

suspension feeding

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18
Q

feeding behavior where particles are removed from the water by pulling a current into the body and passing water through a liter such as in bivalve mollusks or sponges

A

filter feeding

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19
Q

feeding behavior where organic particles from sediment are removed by passing sediment through the digestive system which can select particle sizes such as those seen in polychaete worms, echinoderms, and sea cucumbers

A

deposit feeding

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20
Q

dead particulate organic material generated by the decomposition of peat by microbial communities

A

detritus

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21
Q

tidal flows and river outflows bounded by high walls of peat that become detritus; could have sandy or muddy bottoms

A

channels

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22
Q

tropical estuaries

A

mangroves

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23
Q

temperate estuaries

A

salt marshes

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24
Q

zones that absorb water and storm energy and protect habitats behind them in estuaries

A

buffer zones

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25
Q

body fluids change with external salinity which is seen in most invertebrates

A

osmotic conformers

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26
Q

body fluids are independent of external salinity
ex.) fish exchange water and have osmotic loss through urine and gills

A

osmoregulators

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27
Q

solute exchange where drinking seawater with ions excrete ___ and ___ through gill secretion and __ and ___ in urine

A

Na+ CL- MG2+ SO42+

28
Q

most marine species and freshwater species can only tolerate limited ranges of salinity

A

stenohaline

29
Q

limited species diversity that can tolerate wide ranges of alinity

A

euryhaline

30
Q

type of estuary produced as a result of sea level rise invading river mouths
ex.) Narragansett Bay, Chesapeake Bay, and Delaware Bay

A

coastal plain estuary

31
Q

estuaries that are behind barrier beaches and limit seawater influx
ex.) Atlantic Coast, Gulf of Mexico

A

bar bult estuary

32
Q

type of estuary that cuts in bed rock from glacial action are flooded by seawater with sea level rise. Deepest areas are upstream while shallow sills at their mouths partially block inflow of seawater and lead to stagnation or anoxia at deep depths.

A

Fjord

33
Q

estuary with rivers that have broad, poorly defined mouths, heavy loads of sediment are deposited at river mouth
Ex>) Mississippi River Delta

A

river delta estuary

34
Q

system where plants are interconnected and consist of broad stands of the same genotype

A

rhizome system

35
Q

salt marsh grass closer to the shore is spartina ____ or salt grass and farther from the shore is spartina ____ or pickleweed

A

alterniflora patens

36
Q

estuary dominated by shrubby trees capable of establishing roots in anaerobic muds

A

mangroves

37
Q

red mangroves with high prop roots and dangling roots are common which are tolerant to the cold

A

Rhizophora

38
Q

black mangroves that can tolerate very high salinity and anoxic conditions, known for having pneumatophores

A

Avicennia

39
Q

white mangroves

A

laguncularia

40
Q

____ is more important than mass in determining the relative importance of the gravitational pull of a body

A

distance

41
Q

tide where the sun and moon aline and the tides are higher

A

spring tide

42
Q

tide where the moon is at 1st or 3rd quarter causing lower high tides

A

neap tide

43
Q

the tides switch between spring and neap tides every ___ days

A

14

44
Q

a directional force that may amplify or counteract tidal fluctuations

A

Coriolis effect

45
Q

no tidal range in the center of ocean gyres

A

amphidromic points

46
Q

Organisms in the ___ intertidal of the ____ include lichens and encrusting algae

A

upper Atlantic

47
Q

organisms in the ___ intertidal of the ___ include: barnacles, rocked, ascophyllum, mussels

A

middle Atlantic

48
Q

organisms in the ___ intertidal of the ___ include Irish moss and alaria (kelp beds)

A

lower Atlantic

49
Q

the extreme ____ intertidal of ___ include seaweeds

A

lower Atlantic

50
Q

Organisms in the ___ intertidal of the ____ include periwinkles, limpets, lichens, and encrusting algae

A

upper pacific

51
Q

Organisms in the ___ intertidal of the ____ include barnacles, mussels, seaweeds

A

middle pacific

52
Q

organisms in the ____ intertidal of the ____ include seaweeds and surfgrass

A

lower

53
Q

___ coasts have both spiral rocked and sea rockweed but no bladder rockweed

A

exposed

54
Q

____ coast have spiral and bladder rockweed but not sea rockweed

A

sheltered

55
Q

studied competition and tolerance of physical stresses in barnacles to determine donation in the intertidal

A

Connell

56
Q

studied pisaste predation on mussels and keystone species where predator pressures limits distribution of preferred prey in low intertidal

A

paine

57
Q

studied starfish and snail predation on mussels in the east coast

A

lunchenco

58
Q

studied herbivore feeding preferences to determine composition of algal communities in small tide pools

A

lubchenco

59
Q

in a pool with lots of Chondrus and some Enteromorpha, the Enteromorpha (preferred food) is grazed by ____ leaving Chondrus

A

snails

60
Q

n a pool with lots of Enteromorpha (no snails), the addition of snails results in the grazing down of Enteromorpha (demonstration of effect of herbivore) but no growth of Chondrus (Enteromorpha is competitive _____)

A

doimnant

61
Q

few snails and little Irish moss

A

Enteromorpha

62
Q

lots of snails and Irish moss

A

Irish moss pool

63
Q

experiment where you scrape rock and start process over and observe competitive interactions over time

A

re-start succession

64
Q

experiment where you move up in intertidal to test physiological tolerances and move down to test effects of predators, reduction of stresses, etc

A

transplantations

65
Q

generally determines density within a population

A

intreaspecific

66
Q

generally determines the lower limit, below which the better competitor dominates

A

interspecific

BIO360 Exam 4 (3 decks)

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