Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Political science > Exam 4 SG > Flashcards

Exam 4 SG Flashcards

1
Q

James Q Wilson’s 3 interest group categories

A
  • soilidary - social
  • material - economic
  • purposive - ideological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Political Socialization

A

The process whereby people acquire their basic political values, attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of citizenship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agents of socialization

A
  • family
  • education
  • religion
  • peers
  • race / ethnicity
  • sex (and gender gap)
  • social class
  • generational cohorts/key events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Family

A

The most important agent of political socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of media used to transmit political messages

A
  • agenda setting
  • priming
  • framing
  • sound bites
  • spin/spin doctor

or

TV, radio, movies, music, print, media, Internet, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Generational/age cohorts

A

A long lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Age and political interest

A

Older Americans tend to be somewhat more conservative than younger Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Women and American politics (holding office, voting)

A

Women holding office has continued to increase but many positions are still considered men’s club

Well educated suburban women form a growing part of the democratic coalition

Rural working class women are increasingly drawn to republicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gender gap

A

The difference between the percentage of women who vote for a particular candidate and the percentage of men who vote for the candidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Race (genetics) vs ethnicity (nationality/culture)

A

Race is usually associated with genetics or physical characteristics (black white indigenous)
Ethnicity is usually associated with cultural factors (Hispanic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Majority-minority state in California

A

Contemporary Demographics (~40 million ppl)
* 37% white (non-Hispanic)
* 39% Hispanic/Latino
* 15% Asian
* 6% black/African American
* 3% mixed/multi-racial
* 1% Native American/Pacific Islander

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PAC

A

Political Action Committees
- financial wing of interest groups

Book Def: Committees set up by and representing a corporation, labor, union, or interest group. PACs raise campaign donations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lobbying and Lobbyists

A

Lobbyists - agents of interest groups (try to convince lawmakers/government officials to make decision decisions that help the group they represent)
Lobbying - doing the act

  • they are part of both iron triangles and issue networks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

California state Senate

A

4yr terms (limited to two terms or 14 years total)
40 members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

California State Assembly

A

2 yr terms (limit to three terms)
80 members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

California state legislature

A

*bicameral- made up of two chambers (the state Senate and the state assembly)
* Senate is the upper house, assembly is the lower house

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plural executive and state government/constitutional officers

A

(4 year terms; limit to two terms)
* Governor - chief executive (veto vs line-item veto
* lieutenant governor - not elected on the same ticket as governor
* Attorney General - heir apparent to governor
* Secretary of State - elections, commissioner, chief administrator
* treasurer - chief investor for State; bond ratings
* controller - manages expenditure, sign pay stubs
* superintendent of education
* insurance commissioner
* state bureaucracy (highly decentralized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CA State Supreme Court

A
  • 12 yr appointment
  • 7 justices
  • retention vote based - a yes or no vote on whether a judge should be kept in office
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Independent voting

A

Refers to voting by individuals who are not affiliated with any political party
* independent means non-partisan
* these type of voters usually make their choices based on candidates positions, policies, or other factors, rather than following a specific party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Straight-ticket voting

A
  • voting exclusively for the candidates of one party
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Partisan realignment vs. wave elections

A

Partisan realignment - (long-term shifts) when a large group of voters permanently switched their loyalty from one political party, usually over a long period of time
Wave elections - (large short term shifts) when one political party suddenly wins a lot of seats in one election, usually because voters are unhappy with the current government (it’s more like a temporary surge happening quickly in one election)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

California Indian Nations

A

There are currently over 135+ (nations) federally recognized tribes in California

Yurok, Cherokee, Chumash, Pomo, Pequot, Miwok, Kumeyaay,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spanish Missions, presidios, pueblos

A

These were all a result of the Spanish Invasion
* Missions - churches
* Presidios - military forts
* Pueblos - colonial towns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Secularization Act (during Mex Revolution)

A

*** government confiscated religious wealth
* also outlawed slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Institutional Discrimination in California

A

Act for the Government and Protection of Indians 1850 - legalized slavery ofnative Americans

  • The California Constitution 1879 rewrite (institutionalized California’s version of Jim Crow, against migrants)
  • “yellow peril”
  • article 19 - barred hiring Chinese by corporations
  • WWII Japanese concentration camps
26
Q

Article 19 of the 1879 revision to the CA state constitution

A
  • It barred hiring Chinese by corporations
  • it was repealed by 1952
  • disenfranchisement of Native Americans
27
Q

Plurality

A

The largest number, but not necessarily a majority

28
Q

Iron Triangles

A
  • legislative committee (members of Congress, etc.)
  • lobbyists
  • agencies (Army, Navy, Air Force, etc.)

It is a three-way alliance among these three things to make or preserve policies that benefit their respective interest

29
Q

Issue Networks

A
  • it is a more democratic way of iron triangle; includes more of the public)
  • legislative Committees
  • lobbyists
  • agencies
  • civil society/grassroots organizations

A group of individuals or organizations that support a particular policy position on a given issue

30
Q

Madison’s Factions

A

Madison’s “politics of faction”
* social movements - broad based and cross cutting
* political parties - private organizations that have the goal of winning elections
* interest groups - single issue, narrow focus

31
Q

Social Movements

A

Broad based and cross cutting

32
Q

Political parties/third parties

A

Political parties - private organizations that have the goal of winning elections

Third parties - groups that exist outside the two dominant parties in a political system. While they may not have the same level of power or influence as the major parties, they can still play an important role in shaping political discourse, pushing forward new ideas, and affecting election outcomes

33
Q

Public interest

A

The best interest of the overall community. Also, the national good, rather than the narrow interest of a particular group.

34
Q

Divided government

A

A situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls one or more chambers of Congress, or in which one party controls a state governorship, and the other controls the state legislator

35
Q

Patronage

A

When you get elected and hire all your friends
Book - rewarding the faithful by appointing them to government, or public, jobs

Chat: Patronage refers to the practice of giving political support or government positions in exchange for loyalty or services. It is a system where political leaders or parties reward their supporters, often with jobs, contracts, or other benefits, to maintain loyalty and ensure political control

36
Q

Random Sample

A

A relatively small number of individuals who are interviewed for the purpose of estimating the opinions of an entire population

37
Q

Margin of error

A

The margin of error is a statistic that expresses the amount of random sampling error in a survey or poll. It indicates the range within which the true value is likely to fall, based on the results of the sample.

38
Q

Public Opinion

A

The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population

39
Q

Opinion Polling

A

A method of systematically questioning a small selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of a whole population

40
Q

Sound bites

A

A brief, memorable comment that can easily be fit into news broadcast

Example - “I have a dream” “make America great again”

41
Q

Political spin

A

An interpretation of political events that is favorable to a politician or party

42
Q

Labor movement/working class interest/public employee unions

A

Labor movement - the economic and political expression of working class interests

Public employee unions - labor organizations that represent workers employed by government entities at the federal, state, or local level. These unions advocate for the rights, benefits, and working conditions of public sector employees, including teachers, police officers, firefighters, government clerks, healthcare workers, and other public servants

43
Q

Free rider problem (for unions and other kinda of organizations)

A

The difficulty that interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group

44
Q

Urban vs Rural Voting Behavior

A

Urban
* more liberal or progressive
* typically democratic
* more likely to prioritize issues like social justice, environmental protection, immigration reform, public transportation, and diversity and inclusion

Rural
* more conservative
* typically conservative

45
Q

Term limits

A

Prevents concentration of power
Plural executive - 4yr terms : limit 2 terms
Senate - 4yr terms : limit 2 terms
Assembly - 2yr terms : limit 3 terms
Superior Courts - judges elected to 4yr terms
Supreme Court - 12 yr appointments

46
Q

CA State Institutions ( executive, legislative , judiciary)

A

Plural Executive
* gov
* Lt gov
* attorney general
* secy state
* treasurer
* controller
* supt of ed
* insurance commissioner
* state bureaucracy

Legislature
* bicameral (senate and assembly)

Judiciary
* superior courts
* appellate courts
* Supreme Court

47
Q

Media

A

Channels of mass communication

48
Q

Agenda setting

A

Determining which public policy solutions will be debated or considered or prioritized

49
Q

Priming

A

Using only certain facts to shape the public response to an issue

50
Q

Framing

A

The technique of embedding an issue in particular examples or story lines to alter public perceptions of an issue

51
Q

Spanish invasion

A

1769 military/religious invasion of California
* led by General Gaspar de Portola

Led to mission system being created
* first mission was created by Fr. Junipero Serra

52
Q

Development of Californias Political Economy

A
  • gold rush (49ers)
  • railroads in political power
  • oil industry expansion
  • agriculture
  • defense/aerospace
  • tech boom
53
Q

Main goal of political parties

A

Win elections

54
Q

The best indication of a public opinion polls accuracy is …

A
  • a random sample of at least 1000
  • neutral worded questions
  • a margin of error of plus or minus 3%
55
Q

Fraternities and sororities or other service organizations are considered to be what kind of interest group?

A

Solidary

56
Q

Mexican American Revolution

A

Natives and mestizos granted equal rights with Spaniards

Secularization Act 1833 — gov confiscated religious wealth* & outlaws slavery

57
Q

Mexican American War

A

brief independence (about 3 weeks)
statehood granted 1850

58
Q

An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians 1850

A

Legalized slavery

59
Q

State Legislature

A

Bicameral
* senate and assembly

60
Q

Judiciary

A

Superior courts
Appellate courts
Supreme court

Political science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions