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Anatomy Exam 4 (sab) > Exam 4: Sense organ of vision CN II,III,IV,VI (34) > Flashcards

Exam 4: Sense organ of vision CN II,III,IV,VI (34) Flashcards

1
Q

The organ of vision consists of (2)

A

Eyeball (bulbus oculi)
Adnexa

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2
Q

bulbus oculi is the term for

A

eye ball

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3
Q

what 3 things make up the Adnexa

A
  • Eyelids
  • Ocular muscles
  • Lacrimal apparatus
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4
Q

Are housed in the orbit, where the eyeball is embedded in generous quantities of _____

A

fat

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5
Q

In cats:
The bony processes lateral to the orbit are __________

A

Are very close or fused.

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6
Q

T/F the orbits in carnivores are very big

A

true

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7
Q

identify 1-3
dog or cat

A

1: zygomatic process of frontal bone
2: Orbital ligament
3: Frontal process of zygomatic bone

CAT

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8
Q

what are the blue arrows referencing

A

blind area

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9
Q

identify 1-3
dog or cat

A

1: zygomatic process of frontal bone
2: Orbital ligament
3: Frontal process of zygomatic bone

DOG

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10
Q

Dogs
The bony processes lateral to the orbit
are separated and joined together by
the __________

A

orbital ligament

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11
Q

what type of vision is represented by 1 and 2

A
  1. monocular vision
  2. Binocular vision
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12
Q

visual axis of eye in _______ position

A

central

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13
Q

T/F the orbital ligament is strong in dogs BUT thin/nonexistent in cats

A

true

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14
Q

what does it mean to have “binocular vision”

A

both eyes are participating in viewing

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15
Q

define Optic axis

A

straight line passing through both pole

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16
Q

a line equidistant from the poles is referred to as

A

Equator

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17
Q

Eyeball (bulbus oculi) has ___ thin tunics

A

3

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18
Q

what are the three thin tunics of the eyeball (bulbus oculi)

A

External fibrous tunic
Middle vascular tunic
Internal nervous tunic

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19
Q

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Gives form to and protects the eyeball

A

External fibrous tunic

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20
Q

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Blood vessels and smooth muscle, nutrition of the eyeball and the regulation of the shape of the lens and size of the pupil

A

Middle vascular tunic

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21
Q

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Translation of visual stimuli into nerve impulses

A

Internal nervous tunic:

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22
Q

what 2 things make up the External fibrous tunic

A

Cornea
Sclera

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23
Q

T/F the Sclera is ALWAYS white

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Outermost transparent layer of the eye that helps focus light and protect the eye.

Forms about one quarter of
the fibrous tunic

A

Cornea

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25
Q

White, fibrous tissue that covers the outside of
the eye, extending from the cornea to the
optic nerve

A

Sclera

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26
Q

identify 1-4

A

1.Sclera
2. Limbus
3. Cornea
4. optic nerve

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27
Q

Border between the cornea and sclera

A

Limbus

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28
Q

identify A, C

A
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29
Q

The cornea is the most densely
innervated tissue

what nerve mainly innervates it

A

CN V1 (ophthalmic n. branch of the trigeminal)

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30
Q

The cornea’s nerves are responsible for many functions, including what 3 main things

A

Sensation
Reflexes
Wound Healing

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31
Q

T/F Sclara is very sensitive to things like cold, pain, etc

A

true

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32
Q

what function of the cornea is this:
Trigger the blink reflex and tear production

A

Reflexes

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33
Q

what are some sensations the cornea feels

A

Touch, pain & temperature

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34
Q

Middle vascular tunic also known as the

A

uvea

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35
Q

identify A-C

A
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36
Q

what are the 3 parts of the Middle vascular tunic

A

Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid

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37
Q

Adjusts the size of the pupil. Divides the space between the lens and cornea into anterior and posterior chambers that communicate through the pupil.

Both are filled with aqueous humor

A

Iris

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38
Q

The iris divides the space between the _____ and ______ into anterior and posterior chambers

A

lens and cornea

39
Q

what is the colored portion of the eye called

A

iris

40
Q

the iris contains how many layers of smooth muscle

A

2; sphincter and dilator

(open and close pupil)

41
Q

what is uveitis

A

inflammation of the middle part of the eye (uvea)

42
Q

what is the “hole” in the iris

A

the pupil

43
Q

what eye color is most common is dogs

A

brown

44
Q

Cat or dog

A

cat

45
Q

cat or dog

A

dog

46
Q

what are the smooth muscle of the iris controlled by

A

ANS

47
Q

what is the term for constricting the pupil

A

Miosis

48
Q

what is the term for pupils dilating

A

Mydriasis

49
Q

is Miosis GVE Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

A

GVE Parasympathetic

50
Q

is Mydriasis GVE Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

A

GVE Sympathetic

51
Q

what CN is involved in Miosis

A

GVE Parasympathetic: Via oculomotor n. (cn III)

52
Q

At night or when an animal is scared does miosis or mydriasis occur

A

mydriasis

53
Q

Do big cats (tiger, lion, etc) have the same miosis as a DSH or like a dog

A

Like dogs

54
Q

explain why Paralytic Mydriasis is BAD

A

probably means they’re dead or significant head trauma

the stronger muscle is the dilator

55
Q

suspends the lens, regulates
its curvature

A

Ciliary body

56
Q

___________ is a raised ring with ridges converging toward the lens in the center

A

Ciliary body

57
Q

Smooth ciliary muscle do the accommodation the ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the _____

A

lens

58
Q

in order from top to bottom label 1-3

A

smooth ciliary muscle
ciliary processes
zonular fibers (tendons that suspend the lens)

59
Q

what view is this

A

Dorsal(horizontal) section of the head at the level of the orbits

60
Q

identify 1-3

A
  1. Ciliary body
  2. Iris
  3. Cornea
61
Q

T/F when you contract the ciliary body the diameter increases

A

false; smaller

62
Q

Smooth ciliary muscle do the ___________ the ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the lens

A

accommodation

63
Q

The reflex of accommodation, or focusing on near objects, occurs by a concerted action of the ___________

A

ciliary muscle on the zonule fibers which hold the lens in place

64
Q

The reflex of accommodation, or focusing on near objects performed by the ciliary muscle can get fatigued

yes or no

A

YES

65
Q

Ciliary muscles are a ring of smooth muscle that, upon contraction, relaxes the tension on the zonular fibers and allows the lens to become more spherical

this is due to what CN?

A

Parasympathetic innervation
from CN III (oculomotor n.)

66
Q

blood supply of the Middle vascular tunic

A

Choroid (normally black)

67
Q

Dense network of blood vessels embedded in heavily pigmented connective tissue

A

Choroid

68
Q

Light-reflecting area that aids with seeing at night is known as the

A

Tapetum lucidum (green/blue)

69
Q

why do humans have red eyes in photos

A

Choroid

70
Q

do humans have a tapetum lucidum

A

NO

71
Q

identify 1-3

A
  1. Choroid
  2. tapetum lucidum
  3. Optic disc
72
Q

Internal nervous tunic has light-sensitive receptor cells and is known as the

A

Retina (photoreceptors)

73
Q

The area where the axons of
the fourth layer concentrate
to leave the eye

A

Optic disc (“blind spot”)

74
Q

T/F the optic disc has receptors

A

FALSE

75
Q

the retina in dogs 95% _____

A

rods–> cant see red, purple green

76
Q

what is the arrow pointing to

A

optic disc

77
Q

why is the optic disc white

A

congregation of axons

78
Q

identify 1-4

A
  1. tapetum nigrum
  2. tapetum lucidum
  3. Optic disc
  4. Optic nerve
79
Q

what are the Eyes chambers

A

anterior, posterior, vitrerous

80
Q

which eye chamber is this:
between the cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor

A

Anterior

81
Q

which eye chamber is this:
between iris and ciliary body-lens, filled with aqueous humor

A

Posterior

82
Q

which eye chamber is this:
between ciliary body and retina, filled with vitreous humor

A

Vitreous

83
Q
A
84
Q

what eye chamber is the main area of receptors

A

Posterior chamber

85
Q

which of the eye chambers is filled with aqueous humor vs. vitreous humor

A
86
Q

what is significant about the iridocorneal angle

A

drains aqueous humor fluid

87
Q

what is significant about the ciliary
processes

A

muscles

produce humor filtered from the blood

88
Q

Role in the maintenance of intraocular pressure.

Produced by cells of the ciliary processes

A

The aqueous humor

89
Q

disease of the eye in which the pressure within the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), is increased

A

Glaucoma

90
Q

Soft, transparent tissue that
sits posterior to the iris. It helps focus incoming light
onto the retina

A

Lens

91
Q

what causes the pressure associated with glaucoma

A

aqueous humor is NOT getting drained

92
Q

whats this dogs problem

A

cataracts

93
Q

identify 1-3

A

Lens
Ciliary body
vitreous humor

Anatomy Exam 4 (sab) (15 decks)

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