exam 4 revised Flashcards
respiratory center
ventilation
slightly negative pressure to create suction between visceral and parietal pleura
intrapleural pressure
wants to equalize pressure with atmosphere
intrapulmonary pressure
amount of air inspired and expired with each breath (about 500mL)
tidal volume
elasticity of the lung
pulmonary compliance
collapse of a portion of lung
atelectasis
most (97%) of 02 loosely combined with this and carried to cells
hemoglobin
what is gas transport affected by?
cardiac output, hematocrit and exercise
fruity acetone breath
Kussmaul breathing
stop patterns in breathing
cheyne stokes
irregular breathing
biots
insufficient 02 to tissues
hypoxia
increased pulse, rapid shallow breaths, flaring of nostrils, intercostal retractions, cyanosis
hypoxia clinical signs
inability to breathe except in upright position
orthopnea
destruction of alveoli - C02 retention
emphysema
cyanosis, clubbing of fingers
bronchitis
reversible airflow obstruction, airway inflammation
asthma
normal pH range
7.35-7.45
normal PO2
80-100
normal PC02
35-45
HC03
22-28
what promotes good oxygenation
deep breathing, coughing, hydration
rebreathes some exhaled air air along with 02
partial rebreather mask
allows for precise FI02
venturi mask
can deliver FI02 up to 100% - reservior bag must remain 1/2-1/2 full to prevent C02 buildup
nonrebreather mask
placed over a tracheostomy tube for humidity and 02 delivery
tracheostomy collar
02 1-6 L/min
nasal cannula
good for patients who feel claustrophobic with masks
face tent
fit tightly. muffles talk. check skin around mask
simple face mask
primary pacemaker
SA node
Increased HR will increase CO
true
drugs that affect contractility
inotropes (digoxin)
resistence against which heart needs to pump
afterload
left sided heart failure symtoms
cough, crackles, cyanosis, confusion, restlesness, tachycardia
what will be elevated with CHF excerbation
brain natriuretic peptide
right sided heart failure symptoms
fatigue, edema, distened jugular veins
lung collapse
atelectasis
excess carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercarbia
low oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
hypoxia
what is normal tidal volume?
500mL
incentive spirometer
helps you take slow deep breaths to fill your lungs
deep labored breathing with fruity smell
Kussmauls breathing
deeper faster breathing followed by periods of apnea
cheyne stokes respiration
use of gravity to help drain mucus into the mouth by placing the body in specific positions
postural drainage
