Exam 4 Review

Question 1

Beta oxidation?

Answer 1

First round produces:

1 FADH2 (step 1)
1 NADH (step 3)
1 acyl coA-FAchain
1 acetyl coA

Question 2

How much ATP do the molecules in Beta oxidation make?

Answer 2

Prep phase= -1 ATP

Acetyl coA= 10 ATP per

FADH2 = 1.5 ATP per

NADH = 2.5 ATP per

Question 3

Gluconeogenesis enzymes?

Answer 3

2pyruvate->oxaloacetate
- Pyruvate carboxylase

Oxaloacetate->PEP
-PEP carboxylase

FBP->F6P
-FBPase

G6P->Glucose
-G6Pase

Question 4

Gluconeogenesis net cost?

Answer 4

4 ATP
2 GTP
2NADH

Question 5

Pentose phosphate path?

Answer 5

G6p>6phosphogluconate

• G6PDHase
• NADP+->NADPH (GSSG->GSH)

6phosphogluconate>ribulose5P

• makes co2
• precursors->FA’s and Sterols

Question 6

Pentode phosphate oxidative vs non oxidative?

Answer 6

Oxidative:
Ribulose 5 P becomes ribose 5 P for nucleotides

Non-Ox.:
Ribulose 5 P becomes Hexose

Question 7

Glycogen degradation?

Answer 7

Glycogen becomes G1P

• glycogen phosphorylase
• unbranching enzyme

Question 8

Glycogen synthesis?

Answer 8

G6P becomes G1P
-phosphoglucomutase

G1P is phosphorylated
-costs 1ATP

Glycogen synthase
Branching enzyme

Question 9

Futile cycles?

Answer 9

Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Glycogen synthase regulators?

Answer 10

Insulin: counters high glucose (>). Glycogen stores glucose

Epinephrine: body needs energy (x). Activate glycolysis

Glucagon: counters low glucose (x). Inhibit glycolysis. Stimulate gluconeogenesis